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Conditioning regimen with a 75% dose of standard busulfan/cyclophosphamide plus fludarabine before cord blood transplantation in older patients with AML and MDS

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Abstract

In this retrospective study, we aimed to establish a conditioning regimen for older patients receiving cord blood transplantation (CBT). This study included 21 older patients [median age 65 (58–73) years] with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome who underwent single CBT following a conditioning regimen comprising fludarabine (FLU) 125–175 mg/m2, busulfan (BU) 9.6 mg/kg, and cyclophosphamide (CY) 90 mg/kg. Twelve patients (57.1%) were considered high or very high risk according to the disease risk index. Nineteen achieved neutrophil engraftment at a median of 19 days (range 14–29 days) after CBT (cumulative incidence 90.5%). During a median observation period of 24.3 months, the overall survival (OS) rates at 100 days and 2 years were 76.2% and 47.6%, respectively, with cumulative 2-year relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM) rates of 19.0% and 38.1%, respectively. Infectious disease was the leading cause of NRM (n = 5) and occurred within 100 day post-transplantation in two patients. This suggested that the administration of a reduced BU/CY plus FLU regimen to older patients receiving CBT enables an early recovery with high neutrophil engraftment, relapse suppression, and acceptable NRM rates.

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Acknowledgements

We are extremely thankful for all the patients who participated in this study and their families, and physicians, nurses, and pharmacists who assisted with this study. We would like to thank Enago (www.enago.jp) for the English language review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, 2-1 Bashyaku, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 802-0077, Japan

    Takanori Ohta, Yasuhiro Sugio, Hiroshi Imanaga, Seidou Oku & Yuju Ohno

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  1. Takanori Ohta
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  2. Yasuhiro Sugio
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  3. Hiroshi Imanaga
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  4. Seidou Oku
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Correspondence to Takanori Ohta.

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Ohta, T., Sugio, Y., Imanaga, H. et al. Conditioning regimen with a 75% dose of standard busulfan/cyclophosphamide plus fludarabine before cord blood transplantation in older patients with AML and MDS. Int J Hematol 110, 347–354 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-019-02688-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-019-02688-w

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