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Peripartale Kardiomyopathie

Peripartum cardiomyopathy

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Zusammenfassung

Die peripartale Kardiomyopathie (PPCM) ist eine seltene, potenziell lebensbedrohliche Herzerkrankung unklarer Genese, die zu einer plötzlich einsetzenden Herzinsuffizienz innerhalb der letzten Schwangerschaftswochen bis 6 Monate nach der Geburt führt. Die Prognose der PPCM ist schlecht. Die Diagnose wird oft spät gestellt, da Symptome wie Abgeschlagenheit, Luftnot und Husten fehlinterpretiert werden können. Das klinische Bild der PPCM entspricht dem einer dilatativen Kardiomyopathie und wird primär nach den Leitlinien zur Herzinsuffizienztherapie behandelt. Der Pathomechanismus beinhaltet erhöhten oxidativen Stress und eine darüber induzierte Spaltung des Stillhormons Prolaktin in ein 16-kDa-Fragment. Dies bewirkt eine Störung der Mikrozirkulation und metabolische Veränderungen der Herzmuskelzelle. Ein neuer Therapieansatz mit Bromocriptin als Prolaktinblocker zusätzlich zur Standardtherapie zeigt erste vielversprechende Ergebnisse, und eine randomisierte Studie zur Therapie mit Bromocriptin läuft in Deutschland an. Insgesamt scheint ein interdisziplinäres Management insbesondere zwischen Gynäkologen und Kardiologen Diagnosestellung und Heilungschancen der PPCM positiv zu beeinflussen.

Abstract

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare and potentially life-threatening heart disease of unknown etiology that is restricted to the last month of pregnancy and up to 6 months postpartum. The morphology similates that of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy with a rapid progression to end-stage heart failure and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. PPCM is treated with standard therapy for heart failure in accordance with the current guidelines. New findings suggest that elevated oxidative stress in the postpartum phase promotes cleavage of the nursing hormone prolactin into a toxic 16-kDa fragment that affects microcirculation and cardiomyocyte metabolism. Thus prolactin blocking using bromocriptine as a more specific therapy option showed promising early clinical results and is currently being tested in larger randomized trials. Frequent symptoms such as general fatigue, dyspnea and dry cough are often misinterpreted as pregnancy-related disturbances, and diagnosis is therefore often late. Interdisciplinary management, early diagnosis and more disease-specific therapy options appear to promote cardiac recovery in PPCM patients.

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Danksagung

Wir danken der Leducq-Stiftung für die Unterstützung unseres PPCM-Projekts.

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Correspondence to D. Hilfiker-Kleiner.

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Hilfiker-Kleiner, D., Selle, T., Podewski, E. et al. Peripartale Kardiomyopathie. Kardiologe 3, 137–145 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12181-009-0182-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12181-009-0182-5

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