Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Difficult-to-Control or Resistant Hypertension?

  • Invited Commentary
  • Published:
Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2013;31:1281–357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, Goff DC, Murphy TP, Toto RD, et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension. 2008;51:1403–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ruilope LM. Current challenges in the clinical management of hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2012;9:267–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Egan BM, Zhao Y, Axon N, Brzezinski WA, Ferdinand KC. Uncontrolled and apparent treatment resistant hypertension in the United States, 1998 to 2008. Circulation. 2011;124:1046–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Persell SD. Prevalence of resistant resistant hypertension in the United States. Hypertension. 2011;57:1076–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. De la Sierra A, Segura J, Banegas JR, Gorostidi M, de la Cruz JJ, Armario P, et al. Clinical features of 8295 patients with resistant hypertension classified on the basis of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Hypertension. 2011;57:898–902.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Daugherty SL, Powers JD, Magid DJ, Tavel HM, Masoudi FA, Margolis KL, et al. Incidence and prognosis of resistant hypertension in hypertensive patients. Circulation. 2012;125:1635–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Solini A, Ruilope LM. How can resistant hypertension be identified and prevented. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2013;10:293–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Mazzaglia G, Ambrosioni E, Alacqua M, Filippi A, Sessa E, Immordino V, et al. Adherence to antihypertensive medications and cardiovascular morbidity among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Circulation. 2009;120:1598–605.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Jung O, Gechter JL, Wunder C, Paulke A, Bartel C, Geiger H, et al. Resistant hypertension? Assessment of adherence by toxicological urine analysis. J Hypertens. 2013;31:766–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Pimenta E, Gaddam KK, Oparil S, Aban I, Husain S, DellÍtalia LJ, et al. Effects of dietary sodium reduction on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension. Results of a randomized trial. Hypertension. 2009;54:475–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Egan BM, Zhao Y, Li J, Brzezinski WA, Todoran TM, Brook RD, et al. Prevalence of optimal treatment regimens in patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension based on office blood pressure in a community-based practice network. Hypertension. 2013.

  13. Acelajado MC, Pisoni R, Dudenbostel T, DellÍtalia LJ, Cartmill F, Zhang B, et al. Refractory hypertension: definition, prevalence, and patient characteristic. J Clin Hypertens. 2012;14:7–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Fontela A, Garcia-Donaire JA, Hernandez F, Segura J, Salgado R, Cerezo C, et al. Management of resistant hypertension in a multidisciplinary unit of renal denervation: protocol and results. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2013;66:364–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Compliance with Ethics Guidelines

Conflict of Interest

Luis M Ruilope has been a consultant for Novartis, Daiichi-Sankyo, Medtronic, BMS, and MSD, and has received payment for development of educational presentations from Medtronic.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigación, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain

    Luis M. Ruilope

  2. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Luis M. Ruilope

Authors
  1. Luis M. Ruilope
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luis M. Ruilope.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ruilope, L.M. Difficult-to-Control or Resistant Hypertension?. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 7, 429–430 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12170-013-0359-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12170-013-0359-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation