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Ball milling extraction as a green and efficient approach for the extraction of sixteen xanthone-type QR-2 and PTP1B inhibitors from Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp

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Abstract

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp is a potential source of bioactive xanthones. These xanthones can exert anti-diabetic and anti-malarial effects by inhibiting the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and quinone reductase 2 (QR-2), respectively. Therefore, developing an effective method for extracting the xanthones in mangosteen pericarp is of great significance to the conversion of these bioactive xanthones into drugs and food additives that can prevent and relieve malaria and diabetes. To obtain more active xanthones from mangosteen pericarp, the conditions of five extraction methods were optimized, and their extraction rates were evaluated by UHPLC-QQQ/MS. Among these extraction methods, ball milling extraction (BME) displayed obvious advantages, which included shorter extraction time, improved yield, lower cost, as well as being an environmentally friendly process. The mangosteen pericarp extract acquired by BME also exhibited strong inhibitory activity against PTP1B and QR-2. Thus, the BME method that we established for the extraction of xanthones from the mangosteen pericarp could lay a good foundation for the industrial application of mangosteen in food and medicine. It may also be used as an effective extraction method for extracting bioactive substances from other food pericarps.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 81602989), the Scientific Research Project from the Education Department of Liaoning Province (LJKZ0099 and LQN202018), the Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province of China (2021JH2/10300067 and 2022-MS-172), the Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technological Talents Support Program from Shenyang Bureau of Science and Technology (RC210464).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110036, People’s Republic of China

    Jianxin Li, Weiping Su, Ying Pei, Haoran Li, Kai Liu, Jiao Ai, Xiao Weng, Hongfei Fu, Tingting Wang, Lijiang Chen & Xiao Liang

  2. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China

    Alan Kueichieh Chang

Authors
  1. Jianxin Li
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  2. Weiping Su
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  3. Ying Pei
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  4. Haoran Li
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  5. Kai Liu
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  6. Jiao Ai
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  11. Xiao Liang
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  12. Alan Kueichieh Chang
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Contributions

Jianxin Li: Formal analysis; Writing-original draft. Weiping Su: Conceptualization. Ying Pei: Data curation. Haoran Li: Software. Kai Liu: Supervision. Jiao Ai: Data curation. Xiao Weng and Hongfei Fu: Visualization. Lijiang Chen: Investigation. Xiao Liang: Funding acquisition; Methodology. Alan K Chang: Writing- Reviewing and Editing. Xiao Liang and Alan K Chang administrated project and guided the manuscript preparation, so they should be considered co-corresponding author.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xiao Liang or Alan Kueichieh Chang.

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Li, J., Su, W., Pei, Y. et al. Ball milling extraction as a green and efficient approach for the extraction of sixteen xanthone-type QR-2 and PTP1B inhibitors from Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp. Food Anal. Methods 16, 1069–1078 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-023-02495-4

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