Abstract
A reliable routine method based on headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with chromatography–mass spectrometry for quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in apple was developed. Homogenization of apple always results in the losses or changes of VOCs by browning reactions. In this study, sodium chloride was added particularly before sample homogenization to avoid browning. After the optimization of key experimental parameters including sample preparation, incubation, and extraction, determination of VOCs in apples from various geographical origins of China was performed. Total 51 VOCs including 26 esters, 7 alcohols, 6 ketones, 6 aldehydes, 4 alkenes, 1 acid, and 1 phenol were detected in apples. This work offered an analytical method with great potential for VOCs analysis, and useful information of VOCs in apples from China.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China, for laboratory and financial support.
Funding
The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP), the study of quality improvement and advantage brand creation of Yunnan characteristic fruits (2019ZG002-1–02), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ZDRW202011), and the Project of Liaoning Doctoral Research Initiation Fund (2020-BS-030).
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Guanwei Gao declares no competing interests. Mingyu Liu declares no competing interests. Jing Li declares no competing interests. Yinping Li declares no competing interests. Haifei Li declares no competing interests. Guofeng Xu declares no competing interests.
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Gao, G., Liu, M., Li, J. et al. Headspace Solid-Phase Micro-extraction for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Apple Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Food Anal. Methods 15, 2734–2743 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02324-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02324-0