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Analysis of Triacylglycerols in Sumac (Rhus typhina L.) Seed Oil from Different Origins by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

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Abstract

Sumac (Rhus typhina L.) has long been used in folk medicine for many diseases. The sumac seed oil (SSO) has emerged as a functional ingredient. This study presents a method for identifying the triacylglycerol (TAG) profile of SSO. Sumac seeds collected from seven different origins were compared. Results showed the oil content was in the range from 9.42 to 10.26%. The higher acid value was found in the oils from Qinghai and Jiangxi, while no significant difference was observed in peroxide value (5.25 ~ 7.72 meq O2/kg). Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF–MS) was subsequently adopted to analyze the TAG profile. Compared to the low and elevated energy (MSE) scan mode, the data-dependent acquisition (DDA) scan mode selected the TAG precursor ions precisely. Finally, a total of 21 TAG species were quantified. Predominant TAG species were 18:2–18:2–18:2 (18.09 ~ 29.04%), 18:1–18:2–16:1 (11.94 ~ 14.34%), and 18:2–18:1–18:1 (9.75 ~ 15.34%). The SSO from cold northern regions showed different TAG profiles with less saturated fatty acyl chains. Overall, this work establishes UPLC-Q-TOF–MS as a powerful instrument for TAG structure identification and the obtained data may serve as a reference for SSO application in functional foods.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Emad Karrar for his linguistic assistance during the revision of this manuscript.

Funding

Partial financial support was received from the “National Natural Science Foundation of China” (31972037) and the “Key Modern Agriculture Project of Jiangsu Province” (BE2019363).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China

    Tao Zhang, Guanjun Tao, Ruijie Liu, Ming Chang, Qingzhe Jin & Xingguo Wang

  2. Technical Center of China Tobacco, Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610066, China

    Zhongrong Jiang

Authors
  1. Tao Zhang
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  2. Zhongrong Jiang
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  3. Guanjun Tao
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  4. Ruijie Liu
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  5. Ming Chang
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  6. Qingzhe Jin
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  7. Xingguo Wang
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Contributions

Tao Zhang: formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing (original draft); Zhongrong Jiang: formal analysis, validation, writing (review and editing); Guanjun Tao: methodology, validation, investigation; Ruijie Liu: writing (review and editing), visualization; Ming Chang: conceptualization, resources, writing (review and editing), funding acquisition; Qingzhe Jin: conceptualization, resources, supervision; Xingguo Wang: writing (review and editing), supervision, project administration, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Ming Chang or Xingguo Wang.

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Zhang, T., Jiang, Z., Tao, G. et al. Analysis of Triacylglycerols in Sumac (Rhus typhina L.) Seed Oil from Different Origins by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Food Anal. Methods 15, 26–33 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-021-02082-5

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