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The Modified New Two Plates Test for Detecting Tetracycline, Beta-Lactam, and Sulfonamide Antibiotic Residues in Kidney and Muscle of Cattle Slaughtered in North-East Benin

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Abstract

In Benin, veterinary antibiotics are widely used for cattle breeding. This livestock contributes to 57% of the locally produced meat. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the large use of antibiotics by determining the contamination level with antibiotic residues in bovine meat, in North Benin. Kidney and muscle samples taken from 50 bovine carcasses in the 2 main slaughterhouses of Parakou were analyzed for the presence of antibiotic residues by a screening method modified from the “New Two Plates Test” (NTPT), to identify tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and beta-lactam groups of antibiotics. Thirteen kidney and muscle samples were subjected to liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry analysis for the confirmation of tetracycline and sulfonamide residues. After modified NTPT screening, tetracycline residues were identified in 54% of cattle carcasses while beta-lactam and sulfonamide residues were present, respectively, in 2 and 6% of sampled animals. The LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence in the kidney tissue of oxytetracycline, epi-oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and epi-tetracycline at maximum levels, respectively, of 1380, 350, 190, and 230 μg kg−1. Sulfamethazine residues were confirmed in one of cattle carcass at very high levels of 3900 μg kg−1 in kidney and 2220 μg kg−1 in muscle. Antibiotic residue levels were found above the maximum residue limit applied in the European legislation in 38% of the carcasses subjected to the LC-MS/MS analysis. These high levels of contamination with antibiotic residues are a potential threat for the health of consumers, and are of concern regarding the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animals and humans.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the responsible Rural Development of Parakou, veterinarians, and cattle butchers of this town. They are grateful to DREAM ACP scholarship project which funded the stay of the first author in Belgium.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, bât. B43bis, 10 Avenue de Cureghem, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    S. R. Dognon, G. Degand, C. Douny & M. L. Scippo

  2. Department of Animal Production and Health, Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Meat Technology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP, 2009, Cotonou, Benin

    S. R. Dognon & A. K. I. Youssao

  3. Health Department, CER Groupe, Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium

    P. Delahaut

  4. Department of Biomedical And Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Bât. B23 Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 13, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    A. Igout

  5. Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomic Science, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP, 526, Cotonou, Benin

    M. Dahouda

Authors
  1. S. R. Dognon
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  2. G. Degand
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  3. C. Douny
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  4. P. Delahaut
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  5. A. Igout
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  6. M. Dahouda
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  7. A. K. I. Youssao
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  8. M. L. Scippo
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Correspondence to C. Douny.

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Conflict of Interest

Robert Dognon declares that he has no conflict of interest. Guy Degand declares that he has no conflict of interest. Caroline Douny declares that she has no conflict of interest. Philippe Delahaut declares that he has no conflict of interest. Ahmed Igout declares that he has no conflict of interest. Mahamadou Dahouda declares that he has no conflict of interest. Issaka A.K. Youssao declares that he has no conflict of interest. Marie-Louise Scippo declares that she has no conflict of interest.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Dognon, S.R., Degand, G., Douny, C. et al. The Modified New Two Plates Test for Detecting Tetracycline, Beta-Lactam, and Sulfonamide Antibiotic Residues in Kidney and Muscle of Cattle Slaughtered in North-East Benin. Food Anal. Methods 11, 3406–3416 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-018-1322-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-018-1322-y

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