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Calixarene-Based Miniaturized Solid-Phase Extraction of Trace Triazine Herbicides from the Honey and Milk Samples

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Abstract

A fast, simple, and cost-effective miniaturized solid-phase extraction method using calixarenes as adsorbent was developed for the micro-extraction of cyanazine, simazine, atrazine, and propazine from complex samples. The ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was employed for the structural identification of target compounds. The parameters affecting the performance of extraction, such as the type of sorbents, the amount of the sorbent, desorption solvents, breakthrough volume, and adsorption capacity, were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the linear range was 6–600 ng mL−1 with the coefficients of determination from 0.9943 to 0.9998. The limits of detection and quantification for the four triazines were 0.01–0.04 and 0.04–0.15 ng mL−1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully used to determine triazine herbicides in the honey and milk samples.

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Funding

This study was supported by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (81573552), public welfare research project of Zhejiang Province (LGF18H280006), Projects for Study Abroad Returnees of Hangzhou (China, 2017), Hangzhou 131 middle-aged and young talent training plan (China, 2017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China

    Li-Jing Du, Yan-Hua Jiao, Ting-Hong Fei, Qiu-Yan Wang, Yu-Han Hu, Jun Cao, Qi-Dong Zhang, Li-Qing Peng & Yu-Bo Chen

  2. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, China

    Li-Hong Ye

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  1. Li-Jing Du
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  2. Yan-Hua Jiao
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  3. Li-Hong Ye
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  4. Ting-Hong Fei
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  5. Qiu-Yan Wang
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  6. Yu-Han Hu
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  7. Jun Cao
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  8. Qi-Dong Zhang
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  9. Li-Qing Peng
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  10. Yu-Bo Chen
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Correspondence to Ting-Hong Fei or Jun Cao.

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Conflict of Interest

Li-Jing Du declares that she has no conflict of interest. Yan-Hua Jiao declares that she has no conflict of interest. Li-Hong Ye declares that she has no conflict of interest. Ting-Hong Fei declares that she has no conflict of interest. Qiu-Yan Wang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Yu-Han Hu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Jun Cao declares that he has no conflict of interest. Qi-Dong Zhang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Li-Qing Peng declares that she has no conflict of interest. Yu-Bo Chen declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Du, LJ., Jiao, YH., Ye, LH. et al. Calixarene-Based Miniaturized Solid-Phase Extraction of Trace Triazine Herbicides from the Honey and Milk Samples. Food Anal. Methods 11, 3283–3292 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-018-1270-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-018-1270-6

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