Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Electrochemical Sensor for Melamine Detection Based on Copper-Melamine Complex Using OMC Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

  • Published:
Food Analytical Methods Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A simple sensor ordered mesoporous carbon/glassy carbon electrode (OMC/GCE) is developed in this paper for melamine (Mel) detection, which is based on conversion of Mel from non-electroactive Mel to electroactive Cu-Mel complex under presence of copper ions in 0.1 M pH 9.0 borate buffer containing 20% methanol (v/v) as supporting electrolyte at the surface of OMC modified electrode. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra demonstrate that Mel interact with copper ions to form a complex through coordinate bond interaction. Surface feature of modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Several important parameters controlling performance of the sensor were investigated and optimized. In optimal conditions, the anodic peak of Cu-Mel complex is linear with concentration of Mel ranging from 1.0 × 10−8 to 5.0 × 10−7 M and 5.0 × 10−7 to 2.0 × 10−5 M, with limit of detection (LOD) (based on S/N = 3) of 2.0 × 10−9 M for Mel. This sensor was successfully applied to determination of Mel in milk products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ai K, Liu Y, Lu L (2009) Hydrogen-bonding recognition-induced color change of gold nanoparticles for visual detection of melamine in raw milk and infant formula. J Am Chem Soc 131:9496–9497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao Q, Zhao H, Zeng L, Wang J, Wang R, Qiu X, He Y (2009) Electrochemical determination of melamine using oligonucleotides modified gold electrodes. Talanta 80:484–488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao Q, Zhao H, He Y, Ding N, Wang J (2010) Electrochemical sensing of melamine with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid as recognition element. Anal Chim Acta 675:24–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garber EAE (2008) Detection of melamine using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. J Food Prot 71:590–594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Z, Xu X-f, Li J, Liu Y-w, Zhang J, Yang C (2014) Ordered mesoporous carbon as electrode modification material for selective and sensitive electrochemical sensing of melamine. Sensors Actuators B Chem 200:101–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jun S, Joo SH, Ryoo R, Kruk M, Jaroniec M, Liu Z, Ohsuna T, Terasaki O (2000) Synthesis of new, nanoporous carbon with hexagonally ordered mesostructure. J Am Chem Soc 122:10712–10713

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim B, Perkins LB, Bushway RJ, Nesbit S, Fan T, Sheridan R, Greene V (2008) Determination of melamine in pet food by enzyme immunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J AOAC Int 91:408–413

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Fan H, Jia X (2010) Multilayered ZnO nanosheets with 3D porous architectures: synthesis and gas sensing application. J Phys Chem C 114:14684–14691

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Z. Chen, and Y. Li. 2011. A strategy for constructing sensitive and renewable molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors for melamine detection. Anal Chim Acta

  • Liang R, Zhang R, Qin W (2009) Potentiometric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer for determination of melamine in milk. Sensors Actuators B Chem 141:544–550

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin M, He L, Awika J, Yang L, Ledoux DR, Li H, Mustapha A (2008) Detection of melamine in gluten, chicken feed, and processed foods using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and HPLC. J Food Sci 73:T129–T134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Deng J, An L, Liang J, Chen F, Wang H (2011a) Spectrophotometric determination of melamine in milk by rank annihilation factor analysis based on pH gradual change-UV spectral data. Food Chem 126:745–750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YT, Deng J, Xiao XL, Ding L, Yuan YL, Li H, Li XT, Yan XN, Wang LL (2011b) Electrochemical sensor based on a poly(para-aminobenzoic acid) film modified glassy carbon electrode for the determination of melamine in milk. Electrochim Acta 56:4595–4602

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miao H, Fan S, Wu YN, Zhang L, Zhou PP, Li JG, Chen HJ, Zhao YF (2009) Simultaneous determination of melamine, ammelide, ammeline, and cyanuric acid in milk and milk products by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Environ Sci:87–94

  • Muñiz-Valencia R, Ceballos-Magaña SG, Rosales-Martinez D, Gonzalo-Lumbreras R, Santos-Montes A, Cubedo-Fernandez-Trapiella A, Izquierdo-Hornillos RC (2008) Method development and validation for melamine and its derivatives in rice concentrates by liquid chromatography. Application to animal feed samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 392:523–531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajapandiyan P, Tang W-L, Yang J (2015) Rapid detection of melamine in milk liquid and powder by surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate array. Food Control 56:155–160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rima J, Abourida M, Xu T, Cho IK, Kyriacos S (2009) New spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of melamine using Mannich reaction. J Food Compos Anal 22:689–693

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rovina K, Siddiquee S (2016) Electrochemical sensor based rapid determination of melamine using ionic liquid/zinc oxide nanoparticles/chitosan/gold electrode. Food Control 59:801–808

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sancho JV, Ibáñez M, Grimalt S, Pozo ÓJ, Hernández F (2005) Residue determination of cyromazine and its metabolite melamine in chard samples by ion-pair liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 530:237–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun F, Ma W, Xu L, Zhu Y, Liu L, Peng C, Wang L, Kuang H, Xu C (2010a) Analytical methods and recent developments in the detection of melamine. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 29:1239–1249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun H, Wang L, Ai L, Liang S, Wu H (2010b) A sensitive and validated method for determination of melamine residue in liquid milk by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction. Food Control 21:686–691

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiles AB, Bozzuto D, Cahill CL, Pike RD (2006) Copper(I) and (II) complexes of melamine. Polyhedron 25:776–782

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y-T, Huang C-M, Lin C-C, Ho W-A, Lin L-C, Chiu T-F, Tarng D-C, Lin C-H, Tsai T-H (2009) Determination of melamine in rat plasma, liver, kidney, spleen, bladder and brain by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1216:7595–7601

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X-M, Ren Y-P, Zhu Y, Cai Z-X, Han J-L, Huang B-F, Zhu Y (2009) Direct determination of melamine in dairy products by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with coupled column separation. Anal Chim Acta 650:39–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang H-H, Zhou W-H, Guo X-C, Chen F-R, Zhao H-Q, Lin L-M, Wang X-R (2009) Molecularly imprinted polymer as SPE sorbent for selective extraction of melamine in dairy products. Talanta 80:821–825

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang H, Lu B, Guo L, Qi B (2011) Cerium hexacyanoferrate/ordered mesoporous carbon electrode and its application in electrochemical determination of hydrous hydrazine. J Electroanal Chem 650:171–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yokley RA, Mayer LC, Rezaaiyan R, Manuli ME, Cheung MW (2000) Analytical method for the determination of cyromazine and melamine residues in soil using LC-UV and GC-MSD. J Agric Food Chem 48:3352–3358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu J, Zhang C, Dai P, Ge S (2009) Highly selective molecular recognition and high throughput detection of melamine based on molecularly imprinted sol–gel film. Anal Chim Acta 651:209–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zang J, Guo CX, Hu F, Yu L, Li CM (2011) Electrochemical detection of ultratrace nitroaromatic explosives using ordered mesoporous carbon. Anal Chim Acta 683:187–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou M, Shang L, Li B, Huang L, Dong S (2008) The characteristics of highly ordered mesoporous carbons as electrode material for electrochemical sensing as compared with carbon nanotubes. Electrochem Commun 10:859–863

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu L, Gamez G, Chen H, Chingin K, Zenobi R (2009) Rapid detection of melamine in untreated milk and wheat gluten by ultrasound-assisted extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS). Chem Commun 40:559–561

  • Zhu H, Zhang S, Li M, Shao Y, Zhu Z (2010) Electrochemical sensor for melamine based on its copper complex. Chem Commun 46:2259–2261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was funded by Liaoning Natural Science Foundation (Grant number 2015020197) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 21477082).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China

    Zhuo Guo, Yang-ting Zhao, Tong Bao, Tian-shuai Sun, Dong-di Li & Xian-ke Luo

  2. Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China

    Ya-hui Li

  3. Department of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China

    Hong-tao Fan

Authors
  1. Zhuo Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yang-ting Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ya-hui Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tong Bao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tian-shuai Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Dong-di Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xian-ke Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Hong-tao Fan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhuo Guo.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Zhuo Guo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yang-ting Zhao declares that he has no conflict of interest. Ya-hui Li declares that he has no conflict of interest. Tong Bao declares that he has no conflict of interest. Tian-shuai Sun declares that he has no conflict of interest. Dong-di Li declares that he has no conflict of interest. Xian-ke Luo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Hong-tao Fan declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Electronic Supplementary Material

ESM 1

(DOCX 145 kb).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Guo, Z., Zhao, Yt., Li, Yh. et al. A Electrochemical Sensor for Melamine Detection Based on Copper-Melamine Complex Using OMC Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Food Anal. Methods 11, 546–555 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1025-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1025-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation