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Authenticity Tracing of Apples According to Variety and Geographical Origin Based on Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue

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Abstract

A combination of electronic nose (EN) and electronic tongue (ET) was used to trace apples according to apple variety and geographical origin by detecting the squeezed juices. A total of 126 apple samples from seven producing regions in China were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was displayed to get a primary distribution overview of samples. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were carried out to develop discrimination models based on EN dataset, ET dataset, and the fusion dataset. All LDA, SVM, and PLS-DA models achieved satisfactory discrimination performances. The data fusion method made it possible to build a more robust classification model, and the discrimination ability was better than models based on solely EN dataset or ET dataset. The results demonstrated that EN and ET analysis combined with chemometrics was a promising approach for tracing apples and guaranteeing their authenticity.

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Funding

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371814) and the Shaanxi Special Project of China (2016KTCQ03-12).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China

    Hao Wu, Tianli Yue & Yahong Yuan

  2. Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China

    Hao Wu, Tianli Yue & Yahong Yuan

  3. National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China

    Hao Wu, Tianli Yue & Yahong Yuan

Authors
  1. Hao Wu
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  2. Tianli Yue
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  3. Yahong Yuan
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Correspondence to Tianli Yue.

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Hao Wu declares that she has no conflict of interest. Tianli Yue declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yahong Yuan declares that she has no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Wu, H., Yue, T. & Yuan, Y. Authenticity Tracing of Apples According to Variety and Geographical Origin Based on Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue. Food Anal. Methods 11, 522–532 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1023-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1023-y

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