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Reproducible Molecularly Imprinted QCM Sensor for Accurate, Stable, and Sensitive Detection of Enrofloxacin Residue in Animal-Derived Foods

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Abstract

This study describes the development of a novel reproducible molecularly imprinted quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor for the accurate and sensitive analysis of the residue of enrofloxacin (ENRO) in animal-derived foods. This proposed sensor was easily fabricated by directly immobilizing molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) of ENRO on the surface of a QCM Au chip, which combined the advantages of selective recognition from the MIP with the high sensitivity and portability of a QCM sensor. The parameters in the fabrication and measurement process were optimized and discussed in detail. It was verified that the MIP-modified QCM Au chip performed favorably for the detection of ENRO residue in common animal-derived food products and demonstrated acceptable accuracy (recovery: pure milk 77.2–84.2%, egg 77.3–85.6%, chicken muscle 73.5–89.1%, pork 74.7–85.8%), precision (relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 3), pure milk 2.9–8.0%, egg 2.9–6.4%, chicken muscle 3.4–6.8%, pork 2.2–4.7%), and sensitivity (limit of detection, pure milk 0.31 μg L−1, egg 0.44 μg kg−1, chicken muscle 0.54 μg kg−1, pork 0.57 μg kg−1). The MIP-modified QCM Au chip for sensing ENRO was portable, could be stored for an extended period of time, and reused for more than 30 analysis cycles with a response attenuation of 7.8%. These results have demonstrated that the proposed MIP QCM sensor presents an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and low-cost methodology for ENRO residue detection in animal foods. This research is very promising for the development of novel effective devices applied to the detection of various contaminants in the field of food safety.

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Acknowledgements

This work is financially supported by Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (No. 17JCQNJC14800), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 31301461), Basic Research Fees of Universities and Colleges in Tianjin (No. 2017KDZD01), and the Innovative Team project from Tianjin University of Science and Technology (Project No. 115004/0000010105).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China

    Mingfei Pan, Ying Gu, Miyao Zhang, Junping Wang, Yaguang Yun & Shuo Wang

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  1. Mingfei Pan
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  2. Ying Gu
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  3. Miyao Zhang
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  4. Junping Wang
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  5. Yaguang Yun
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  6. Shuo Wang
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Correspondence to Shuo Wang.

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Conflict of Interest

Mingfei Pan declares that he has no conflict of interest. Ying Gu declares that she has no conflict of interest. Miyao Zhang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Junping Wang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yaguang Yun declares that she has no conflict of interest. Shuo Wang declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Electronic Supplementary Material

Figure S1

Comparison of QCM frequency response to ENRO and the analogues at the same concentrations. (GIF 31 kb)

High Resolution (TIFF 1483 kb)

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Pan, M., Gu, Y., Zhang, M. et al. Reproducible Molecularly Imprinted QCM Sensor for Accurate, Stable, and Sensitive Detection of Enrofloxacin Residue in Animal-Derived Foods. Food Anal. Methods 11, 495–503 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1020-1

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