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Rapid Determination of Trace Elements in Macedonian Grape Brandies for Their Characterization and Safety Evaluation

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Abstract

A graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was used for determination of trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in “rakija” samples, a grape brandy traditionally produced in Republic of Macedonia by distillation of grape pomace or wine, for characterization and safety evaluation. Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni were determined directly, while Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were quantified after appropriate dilution. The calibration curves of all elements were linear with correlation coefficients (R 2) ranging from 0.9995 to 0.9998. The accuracy of the method was checked with a standard addition method showing good repeatability and reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) <10 %). Relationship between several metal concentrations (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in brandies and distillation system (homemade/industrial) on one side and aging mode (oak barrels/oak chips) on the other side were demonstrated. Two homemade brandies showed Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations higher than industrial distillates and thus were found to be not safe for consumption because of Cu and Zn over the maximum allowed values. For the industrially produced brandies, Mn was identified to be a suitable marker related to aging with oak chips regardless variety, while Cu a marker for the influence of oak chip type. Principal component analysis applied on the content of elements clearly showed a good separation in terms of distillation and aging method.

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Acknowledgment

This work was financially supported by the project “International Masters and Postgraduate Programme in Materials Science and Catalysis” (MatCatNet) within the DAAD program “Academic Reconstruction of South Eastern Europe,” which is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, University “Goce Delčev”, Krste Misirkov bb, 2000, Štip, Macedonia

    Violeta Ivanova-Petropulos, Biljana Balabanova, Elena Bogeva & Rubin Gulaboski

  2. Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Tiberiu Frentiu, Michaela Ponta & Florin Dan Irimie

  3. INCDO-INOE 2000 National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Marin Senila

Authors
  1. Violeta Ivanova-Petropulos
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  2. Biljana Balabanova
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  3. Elena Bogeva
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  4. Tiberiu Frentiu
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  5. Michaela Ponta
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  6. Marin Senila
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  7. Rubin Gulaboski
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Correspondence to Violeta Ivanova-Petropulos.

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Funding was provided by MatCatNet within DAAD program.

Conflict of Interest

Violeta Ivanova-Petropulos declares that she has no conflict of interest. Biljana Balabanova declares that she has no conflict of interest. Elena Bogeva declares that she has no conflict of interest. Tiberiu Frentiu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Michaela Ponta declares that she has no conflict of interest. Marin Senila declares that he has no conflict of interest. Rubin Gulaboski declares that he has no conflict of interest. Florin Dan Irimie declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with animals.

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Ivanova-Petropulos, V., Balabanova, B., Bogeva, E. et al. Rapid Determination of Trace Elements in Macedonian Grape Brandies for Their Characterization and Safety Evaluation. Food Anal. Methods 10, 459–468 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-016-0604-5

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