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Two-Dimensional J-Resolved NMR Analyses of Fish and Its Products via Spatially Encoded Intermolecular Double-Quantum Coherences

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Abstract

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for food analyses due to its high-throughput information related to component analyses and its non-invasive property without altering detected samples. Current liquid NMR approaches, however, are subject to the influence of field inhomogeneity in direct measurements of biological foods, generally resorting to techniques of tissue extractions or magic-angle spin to eliminate the inhomogeneity. Therefore, we propose an NMR approach based on intermolecular double-quantum coherences (iDQCs) and spatial encoding technique to fast recover high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) J-resolved spectra in inhomogeneous fields. Inheriting from the immunity to field inhomogeneity of iDQCs and the enhancement in acquisition efficiency of the spatial encoding technique, the proposed method can resist the field inhomogeneity in biological foods without superfluous pretreatments and time-consuming shimming procedures, and yield satisfactory 2D J-resolved information for analyses within minutes. Fish and its products, which are closely related to human daily life, capture extensive attentions with the rapid development of the aquaculture. At first, experiments on cod liver oils are implemented in a purposely deshimmed magnetic field to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. Then, caviars and an intact fish are tested to further show the applicability of the proposed approach for direct measurements on intact biological food samples. Herein, the proposed method may constitute an effective technique in analyzing fish and its products.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China

    Kai-Yu Wang, Hao Chen, Zhi-Yong Zhang, Yu-Qing Huang & Zhong Chen

Authors
  1. Kai-Yu Wang
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  2. Hao Chen
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  3. Zhi-Yong Zhang
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  4. Yu-Qing Huang
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  5. Zhong Chen
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yu-Qing Huang or Zhong Chen.

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Conflict of Interest

Kai-Yu Wang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Hao Chen declares that he has no conflict of interest. Zhi-Yong Zhang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yu-Qing Huang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Zhong Chen declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Funding

This work was partially supported by the National Nature Science Fund of China under Grants 11174239, 11205129, and 21327001 and the Prior Research Field Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant 20120121130003.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human subjects. All animal studies were carried out in accordance with the approved guidelines. All biological samples (a whole fish and caviars) in our experiment were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

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Wang, KY., Chen, H., Zhang, ZY. et al. Two-Dimensional J-Resolved NMR Analyses of Fish and Its Products via Spatially Encoded Intermolecular Double-Quantum Coherences. Food Anal. Methods 9, 1502–1511 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0334-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0334-0

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