Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Authentication of Quercus Species According to Their n-Alkanes Profile by Off-Line Combination of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas Chromatography

  • Published:
Food Analytical Methods Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

n-Alkanes of 15 samples of acorn oil from Quercus ilex and Quercus suber have been analysed by gas chromatography. Oil was extracted in a Soxhlet glass apparatus using petroleum ether as solvent. The unsaponifiable matter was fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Then, the analysis was performed on a capillary DB-5MS column (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 μm film thickness), with hydrogen as carrier gas and using a flame ionization detector. Eicosane was used as internal standard for quantification of individual n-alkanes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in full scan mode was used for their identification. Ten compounds have been identified in these samples: heneicosane, docosane, tricosane, tetracosane, pentacosane, hexacosane, heptacosane, octacosane, nonacosane and triacontane. By using these compounds as chemical descriptors, pattern recognition techniques, such as principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis, were applied to find out a suitable classification model and differentiate between Q. ilex and Q. suber genuses. The results showed that these compounds allowed the differentiation of the two genuses with a complete classification.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Coomans D, Massart DL, Kaufman L (1979) Optimization by statistical linear discriminant analysis in analytical chemistry. Anal Chim Acta 112:97–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Muth JE (1999) Basic statistic and pharmaceutical statistical applications, 1st edn. Chapman and Hall/CRC, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamero-Pasadas A, Viera-Alcalde I, Rios JJ, Graciani Constante E, Vicario IM, León-Camacho M (2006) Characterization and quantification of the hydrocarbons fraction of the subcutaneous fresh fat of Iberian pig by off-line combination of high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. J Chrom A 1123:82–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gardiner, W.P.(Ed).1997. Statistical analysis methods for chemistry, Royal Society of Chemistry. Cambridge. pp. 313–328.

  • Guinda A, Lanzón A, Albi T (1996) Differences in hydrocarbons of virgin olive oils obtained from several olive varieties. J Agric Food Chem 44:1723–1726

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harwood,J.L., R. Aparicio, R. (Eds.). 2013. Handbook of Olive Oil: Analysis and Properties, Springer, New York, pp 163–218

  • http://www.pherobase.com/database/kovats/kovats-index.php. 2012.

  • International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) (1987) Method 1122. Determination of oil content (extraction method). In: Paquot C, Haufenne A (eds) Standard methods for the analysis of oils, fats and derivatives, 7th edn. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 14–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolliffe IT (2002) Principal components analysis, 2nd edn. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanzón A, Albi T, Cert A, Gracián J (1994) The hydrocarbon fraction of virgin olive oil and changes resulting from refining. JAOCS 71:285–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolan JV, Leng RA, Demeyer DI (eds) (1989) The roles of protozoa and fungi in ruminant digestion. Pernanbul Books, New South Whales, pp 153–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva SP, Sabino MA, Fernandes EM, Correlo VM, Boesel LF, Reis RL (2005) Cork: properties, capabilities and applications. Int Mater Rev 50:345–365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soto E, Hoz L, Ordonez JA, Hierro E, Herranz B, Lopez-Bote C, Cambero MI (2008) Impact of feeding and rearing systems of Iberian pigs on volatile profile and sensory characteristics of dry-cured loin. Meat Sci 79:666–676

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • StatSoft Inc. 1995. Statistica 5.5 for Windows Computer Program Manual, Tulsa, OK. StatSoft, Inc., 1995, 2300 East 14th Street, Tulsa, OK 74104

  • Toumi L, Lumaret R (2001) Allozyme characterisation of four Mediterranean evergreen oak species. Biochem Syst Ecol 29:799–817

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waghorn GC (1990) Effect of condensed tannins on protein digestion and nutritive value of fresh herbage. Hoc Aust Soc Anim Prod 18:412–415

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster L, Simpson P, Shanks AM, Moffat CF (2000) The authentication of olive oil on the basis of hydrocarbon concentration and composition. Analyst 125:97–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Higher Education and Scientific Research Ministry from Republic of Tunisia. This study was supported by project P09-AGR-04789.

Conflict of Interest

Manuel León-Camacho declares that he has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lipids Biochemistry Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tunis El-Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia

    Faten Rabhi & Sadok Boukhchina

  2. Food Characterization and Quality Department, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Avda. Padre García Tejero, 4, 41012, Seville, Spain

    M. Narváez-Rivas & M. León-Camacho

Authors
  1. Faten Rabhi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Narváez-Rivas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sadok Boukhchina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. León-Camacho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. León-Camacho.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rabhi, F., Narváez-Rivas, M., Boukhchina, S. et al. Authentication of Quercus Species According to Their n-Alkanes Profile by Off-Line Combination of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas Chromatography. Food Anal. Methods 8, 1710–1717 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-0051-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-0051-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation