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A Novel Preconcentration Procedure Using Neutral Red as Ion-Pairing Reagent for Determination of Inorganic Dissolved Arsenic Species in Different Water and Beverages by Spectrophotometry

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Abstract

In the current study, a new cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure was developed for the separation and preconcentration of inorganic soluble As species, As(III), As(V), and total As in water and beverage samples. Selective ion-pairing complex of As(III) with Neutral red (NRH+) being a cationic phenazine-based dye in presence of citric acid at pH 2.0 was extracted into the surfactant-rich phase of octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114) from samples. After phase separation, the preconcentrated As(III) was determined by means of spectrophotometer at 542 nm. After optimization of the CPE conditions, a preconcentration factor of 50 and the detection and quantification limits of 1.44 and 4.8 μg L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9953 were obtained from the calibration curve constructed in the range of 5–1500 μg L−1 for As(III). The precision of the method (as RSD) was in the range of 2.2–4.5 % (25, 100, and 750 μg L−1, N = 5). The As(V) contents of samples were calculated from the difference between As(III) and total As contents after the reduction of As(V) to As(III) with mixture of KI and ascorbic acid at HCl media. The method is very versatile and inexpensive because it exclusively used conventional UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The method was succesfully applied to the simultenous determination of inorganic arsenic species in different water and beverage samples. Its accuracy and precision were controlled by analysis of two certified reference materials (CRMs).

Experimental steps of the CPE procedure for detection of As(III), As(V), and total As in beverage samples.

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Acknowledgments

This study has been supported by Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research Projects Commission as the research projects with the F-417 code. Also, authors wish to acknowledge Prof. Dr. Mehmet AKÇAY for his expert discussions in the preparation of this manuscript.

Conflict of Interest

None.

Compliance with Ethics Requirements

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Cumhuriyet, TR–58140, Sivas, Turkey

    Ramazan Gürkan, Ufuk Kir & Nail Altunay

Authors
  1. Ramazan Gürkan
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  2. Ufuk Kir
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  3. Nail Altunay
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nail Altunay.

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Highlights

• The CPE was coupled with spectrophotometry for detection of inorganic As(III)ion in beverages.

• The method is based on selective ion-pairing of As(III) with NRH+ in presence of citric acid at pH 2.0.

• The As(III) was chosen as analyte in analysis of beverages due to its selectivity and sensitivity.

• The analytical variables affecting CPE efficiency were optimized.

• A good detection limit for As(III) (1.44 μg L−1) in linear range of 5–1500 μg L−1 was achieved.

• The study can also be extended to the other matrices and possible sources of contamination.

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Gürkan, R., Kir, U. & Altunay, N. A Novel Preconcentration Procedure Using Neutral Red as Ion-Pairing Reagent for Determination of Inorganic Dissolved Arsenic Species in Different Water and Beverages by Spectrophotometry. Food Anal. Methods 8, 1637–1651 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-0039-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-0039-9

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