Abstract
An analytical fractionation scheme has been developed based on water, acetone, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethanol, n-hexane, or methanol extractions to identify free and/or copper bound complexes in spinach samples, sample extracts being analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The total copper contents were determined after digestion of the samples in a microwave-assisted digestion system. Method validation parameters were defined in terms of the detection limits, accuracy, and precision. The limits of detection and quantification for copper were 0.07 and 0.23 mg kg−1, respectively. The precision in terms of the repeatability and reproducibility, calculated from the relative standard deviations (%RSD), were 3.0 and 4.8 %, respectively. Solvent systems, which simulated gastric and intestinal or gastrointestinal digestion together with n-octanol extraction and activated carbon adsorption, were evaluated with respect to both sample-solvent compatibility and bioavailability.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbasi S, Khani H, Tabaraki R (2010) Food Chem 123:507
Akoh C, Min DB (2002) Food lipids. Chemistry, nutrition, and biotechnology, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1005 p
Amais RS, Donati GL, Nóbrega JA (2011) Anal Chim Acta 706:223
AOAC 985.29 (1986) Total dietary fiber in foods, enzymatic-gravimetric method. AOAC International, Gaithersburg
Araujo GS, Matos LJBL, Fernandes JO, Cartaxo SJM, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandes FAN, Farias WRL (2013) Ultrason Sonochem 20:95
Bergman M, Varshavsky L, Gottlieb HE, Grossman S (2001) Phytochemistry 58:143
Bonfils F, Ehabe EE, Aymard C, Vaysse L, Sainte-Beuve J (2007) Phytochem Anal 18:103
Bosscher D, Van Caillie-Bertrand M, Robberecht H, Van Dyck K, Van Cauwenbergh R, Deelstra H (2001) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 32:54
Caldwell CR (2002) J Plant Nutr 25(6):1225
Chrastný V, Komárek M (2009) Chem Pap 63:512
Ciceri E, Recchia S, Dossi C, Yang L, Sturgeon RE (2008) Talanta 74:642
Corley J (2003) Handbook of residue analytical methods for agrochemicals. Wiley, Chichester
de Romana DL, Olivares M, Uauy R, Araya M (2011) J Trace Elem Med Biol 25:3
Domínguez-González R, Romarís-Hortas V, García-Sartal C, Moreda-Pineiro A, Barciela-Alonso MC, Bermejo-Barrera P (2010) Talanta 82:1668
DS/EN 14084: (2003) Foodstuffs—determination of trace elements: determination of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and iron by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) after microwave digestion. BSI Group, London
Durukan İ, Şahin ÇA, Şatıroğlu N, Bektaş S (2011) Microchem J 99:159
Egan H, Kirk R, Sawyer R (1981) Pearson's chemical analysis of foods. Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, 591 p
Eller FJ, King JW (1996) Semin Food Anal 1:145
Emek SC, Åkerlund HE, Clausén M, Ohlsson L, Weström B, Erlanson-Albertsson C, Albertsson PA (2011) Food Hydrocoll 25:1618
Ferraz TPL, Fiu′za MC, dos Santos MLA, de Carvalho LP, Soares NM (2004) J Biochem Biophys Methods 58:187
Fu H, Xie B, Ma S, Zhu X, Fan G, Pan S (2011) J Food Compos Anal 24:288
Gómez-Ariza JL, Arias-Borrego A, García-Barrera T (2006) J Chromatogr A 1121:1191
Hokura A, Oguri S, Matsuura H, Haraguchi H (2000) Bunseki Kagaku 49:387
ISO 1871:1975. Agricultural food products - General directions for the determination of nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method. ISO, Geneva
ISO 5498:1981. Agricultural food products—determination of crude fibre content. ISO, Geneva
ISO 5984:2002 Animal feeding stuffs—determination of crude ash. ISO, Geneva
ISO 771:1977. Oilseed residues—determination of moisture and volatile matter content. ISO, Geneva
Karadjova I, Izgi B, Gucer S (2002) Spectrochim Acta Part B 57:581
Khanam UKS, Oba S, Yanase E, Murakami Y (2012) J Funct Foods 4:979
Kowalewska Z, Izgi B, Saracoglu S, Gucer S (2005) Chem Anal (Warsaw) 50:1007
Lisiewska Z, Kmiecik W, Gebczynski P, Sobczynska L (2011) Food Chem 126:460
Liu CS, Glahn RP, Liu RH (2004) J Agric Food Chem 52:4330
Maeda N, Hada T, Murakami-Nakai C, Kuriyama I, Ichikawa H, Fukumori Y, Hiratsuka J, Yoshida H, Sakaguchi K, Yoshiyuki Mizushina Y (2005) J Nutr Biochem 16:121
Marschner H (1986) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic, San Diego, 674 p
Nardi EP, Evangelista FS, Tormen L, Saint′Pierre TD, Curtius AJ, de Souza SS, Barbosa F Jr (2009) Food Chem 112:727
Prasad MNV (2004) Heavy metal stress in plants: from biomolecules to ecosystems. Springer, Berlin, 462 p
Rouser G, Kritchevsky G, Simon G, Nelson GJ (1967) Lipids 2:37
Shun-xing L, Feng-ying Z, Xian-li L, Wen-lian C (2005) Phytochem Anal 16:405
Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD (2003) Biomed Pharmacother 57:386
TS 765: (1969) Oilseed residues—determination of diethyl ether extract. BSI Group, London
Xiang G, Zhang Y, Jiang X, He L, Fan L, Zhao W (2010) J Hazard Mater 179:521
Yasar SB, Gucer S (2004) Anal Chim Acta 505:43
Zheljazkov VD, Warman PR (2004) Environ Pollut 131:187
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Commission of Scientific Research Projects of Uludag University (project no. F-2008/25), and it is part of the PhD thesis of the first author accepted on 10.07.2013 by the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Uludag University.
Conflict of Interest
Umran Seven Erdemir declares that she has no conflict of interest. Seref Gucer declares that he has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Erdemir, U.S., Gucer, S. Assessment of Copper Bioavailability in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L) Leaves by Chemical Fractionation. Food Anal. Methods 7, 994–1001 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-013-9704-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-013-9704-7