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Sex Differences in the Prediction of Metabolic Burden from Physiological Responses to Stress

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Annals of Behavioral Medicine

Abstract

Background

Heightened or prolonged physiological responses to stress may contribute to the development or progression of metabolic abnormalities.

Purpose

This study aims to examine the prospective relationships between stress responses and metabolic burden, and to determine whether age and/or sex moderate these relationships.

Methods

One hundred ninety-nine healthy men and women (M age = 41 ± 11.5) were exposed to four stressors while blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability were obtained. Residual change scores for reactivity (stress − baseline) and recovery (post-stress − baseline) scores were computed. Metabolic burden refers to the number of metabolic parameters for which participants were in the highest quartile (lowest for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) for their sex. Metabolic burden was reassessed in 136 participants 3 years later.

Results

Greater parasympathetic withdrawal in response to stress was associated with increased metabolic burden, though this was evident mostly in men. In women, dampened autonomic responses to stress were associated with higher metabolic burden.

Conclusions

Cardiac autonomic responses to stress predict future metabolic abnormalities, though the direction of effect differs according to sex.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants awarded to Dr. D'Antono by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; MOP #79456 and #111017) and the Fondation de l'Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal (FICM). Salary support was also awarded to Dr. D'Antono by the Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec (FRSQ). Christina Gentile is supported by the Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship awarded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (#220905). The funding sources had no involvement in this study. Special thanks to Marc-Antoine Gillis and Sebastien Authier for their generous contribution to the HRV programming, as well as to Karine Lévesque and Sébastien Bureau for their dedication and rigor in participant recruitment, testing, and data entry.

Authors’ Statement of Conflict of Interest and Adherence to Ethical Standards

Authors Gentile, Dragomir, Solomon, Nigam, and D’Antono declare that they have no conflict of interest. All procedures, including the informed consent process, were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 1C8, Canada

    Christina Gentile B.A, Anda Ioana Dragomir B.Sc, Crina Solomon M.Sc, Anil Nigam M.D. & Bianca D’Antono Ph.D

  2. Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Christina Gentile B.A, Anda Ioana Dragomir B.Sc & Bianca D’Antono Ph.D

  3. Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Anil Nigam M.D.

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  1. Christina Gentile B.A
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  2. Anda Ioana Dragomir B.Sc
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  3. Crina Solomon M.Sc
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  4. Anil Nigam M.D.
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  5. Bianca D’Antono Ph.D
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Correspondence to Bianca D’Antono Ph.D.

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Gentile, C., Dragomir, A.I., Solomon, C. et al. Sex Differences in the Prediction of Metabolic Burden from Physiological Responses to Stress. ann. behav. med. 49, 112–127 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-014-9639-2

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