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A 24-hour Approach to the Study of Health Behaviors: Temporal Relationships Between Waking Health Behaviors and Sleep

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Annals of Behavioral Medicine

Abstract

Background

Although sleep is often associated with waking health behaviors (WHB) such as alcohol consumption, caffeine use, smoking, and exercise, the causal direction of these relationships is unclear.

Purpose

The present study used time series data to examine the temporal dynamics of WHB and sleep characteristics in participants of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Sleep Study.

Methods

Three hundred three women completed daily assessments of WHB and wore wrist actigraphs to measure sleep characteristics for the duration of the study (mean = 29.42 days, SD = 6.71).

Results

Vector autoregressive modeling revealed that weekly patterns of sleep and WHB best predicted subsequent sleep and WHB suggesting that the associations between WHB and sleep persist beyond their immediate influence. Some WHB predicted some subsequent sleep characteristics, but sleep did not predict subsequent WHB.

Conclusions

These novel findings provide insight into the temporal dynamics of 24-h behaviors and encourage consideration of both sleep and WHB in health promotion and behavior change efforts.

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Acknowledgments

The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) has grant support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, through the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health (Grants U01NR004061, U01AG012505, U01AG012535, U01AG012531, U01AG012539, U01AG012546, U01AG012553, U01AG012554,and U01AG012495). The SWAN Sleep Study was funded by the NIH (grants AG019360, AG019361, AG019362, and AG019363). Sleep data were processed with the support of RR024153. Grant support for LAI was provided by NIH MH019986 and support for CEK was provided by NIH HL082610. Additional grant support for RTK was provided by National Science Foundation DMS-0805050 and support for SDR was provided by NIH HL 104607. The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NSF, NIA, NINR, ORWH, or the NIH.

Clinical Centers

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Siobán Harlow, PI 2011–present; MaryFran Sowers, PI 1994–2011); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (Joel Finkelstein, PI 1999–present; Robert Neer, PI 1994–1999); Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA (Howard Kravitz, PI 2009–present; Lynda Powell, PI 1994–2009); University of California, Davis/Kaiser (Ellen Gold, PI); University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA (Gail Greendale, PI); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA (Carol Derby, PI 2011–present; Rachel Wildman, PI 2010–2011; Nanette Santoro, PI 2004–2010); University of Medicine and Dentistry–New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA (Gerson Weiss, PI 1994–2004); and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karen Matthews, PI).

NIH Program Office

National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA (Winifred Rossi 2012–present; Sherry Sherman 1994–2012; Marcia Ory 1994–2001) and the National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA (program officers).

Central Laboratory

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Daniel McConnell (Central Ligand Assay Satellite Services).

Coordinating Center

University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Maria Mori Brooks, PI 2012–present; Kim Sutton-Tyrrell, PI 2001–2012) and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA, USA (Sonja McKinlay, PI 1995–2001).

Steering Committee

Susan Johnson, Current Chair; Chris Gallagher, Former Chair.

We thank the study staff at each site and all the women who participated in SWAN.

Conflicts of Interest

With the exception of DJB, the authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Dr. Buysse has served as a paid or unpaid consultant on scientific advisory boards for the following companies: Merck, Philips Respironics, Purdue Pharma and General Sleep Corporation. Dr. Buysse has also spoken at single-sponsored educational meetings for Servier. He has also spoken at a single-sponsored lecture for Astellas. Total fees from each of these sources were less than $10,000 per year.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O’Hara Street, Room E-1131, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Leah A. Irish Ph.D., Christopher E. Kline Ph.D., Daniel J. Buysse M.D., Joyce T. Bromberger Ph.D. & Martica H. Hall Ph.D.

  2. Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Scott D. Rothenberger B.S.

  3. Department of Statistics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Robert T. Krafty Ph.D.

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Howard M. Kravitz D.O., M.P.H.

  5. Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Howard M. Kravitz D.O., M.P.H.

  6. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Joyce T. Bromberger Ph.D.

  7. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Huiyong Zheng Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Leah A. Irish Ph.D.
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  2. Christopher E. Kline Ph.D.
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  3. Scott D. Rothenberger B.S.
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  4. Robert T. Krafty Ph.D.
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  5. Daniel J. Buysse M.D.
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  6. Howard M. Kravitz D.O., M.P.H.
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  7. Joyce T. Bromberger Ph.D.
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  8. Huiyong Zheng Ph.D.
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  9. Martica H. Hall Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martica H. Hall Ph.D..

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Irish, L.A., Kline, C.E., Rothenberger, S.D. et al. A 24-hour Approach to the Study of Health Behaviors: Temporal Relationships Between Waking Health Behaviors and Sleep. ann. behav. med. 47, 189–197 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9533-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9533-3

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