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Solid-State Fermentation as a Green Technology for Biomass Valorization: Optimization Techniques for Bioprocess—An Overview

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Abstract

The demand for enzymes that have high industrial applicability has grown significantly in the last decade. An alternative to obtain these enzymes is solid-state fermentation (SSF), in which microorganisms grow on solid substrates with little water, secreting secondary metabolites of high added value. In order to maximize enzyme production in fermentation processes, a set of multivariate statistical techniques were applied to optimize parameters such as incubation temperature, fermentation time, pH, initial moisture content, and spore concentration. Through these techniques, it is possible to investigate the interactions of the effects of the studied variables, in addition to reducing the number of experiments, providing savings in operational terms and a decrease in the amount of reagents used. Thus, this review addresses the main chemometric techniques used in the optimization of enzyme production by microorganisms in SSF in the last 10 years, indicating advantages and disadvantages and their applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for financial support (308300/2021-1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center on Bioactive Compounds, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, Brazil

    Luiz Henrique Sales de Menezes

  2. Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga, 45700-000, Brazil

    Polyany Cabral Oliveira & Márcia Soares Gonçalves

  3. Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60695, Poznan, Poland

    Eliezer Luz do Espírito Santo & Muhammad Bilal

  4. Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico

    Héctor A. Ruiz

  5. Biotransformation and Organic Biocatalysis Research Group, Department of Exact Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, 45654-370, Brazil

    Erik Galvão Paranhos da Silva, Luiz Carlos Salay, Julieta Rangel de Oliveira & Marcelo Franco

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de Menezes, L.H.S., Oliveira, P.C., do Espírito Santo, E.L. et al. Solid-State Fermentation as a Green Technology for Biomass Valorization: Optimization Techniques for Bioprocess—An Overview. Bioenerg. Res. 17, 42–58 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-023-10670-y

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