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Effectiveness of Wheat Straw Biochar in Aqueous Zn Removal: Correlation with Biochar Characteristics and Optimization of Process Parameters

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Abstract

The adsorption performance of biochar was investigated for the removal of Zn from the aqueous solution. Biochar was produced from three different feedstock: groundnut shell, chickpea straw, and wheat straw using a fixed bed pyrolysis reactor at three different pyrolysis temperatures of 500, 550, and 600 °C for 1 h. The biomass and biochar characterization was performed to examine the elementary composition, surface morphology, and functional group. The response surface methodology with a Box–Behnken design was applied to understand the influence of biochar dose, heavy metal concentration, and contact period on the removal efficiency of Zn from an aqueous solution. The influence of biochar dose and contact time had the most remarkable effect on Zn adsorption. As biochar dose increased from 1 to 3 g/L and contact time from 60 to 180 min, the Zn removal efficiency was found correspondingly increased from 26 to 97%, respectively. The optimum conditions found for the maximum Zn removal are 2.90 g/L biochar dosage, 22 ppm heavy metal concentration, and 309 min contact period were the key parameters to achieve maximum Zn removal efficiency for wheat straw biochar to be around 97.16%. The present experimental investigation concluded that biochar derived from lignocellulosic biomass creates a new window for the appropriate utilization of environmentally friendly adsorbent in wastewater treatment.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) for providing the research fund to carry out experimental work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India

    Divyesh R. Vaghela, Ashish Pawar & Deepak Sharma

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  1. Divyesh R. Vaghela
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  2. Ashish Pawar
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  3. Deepak Sharma
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Divyesh R. Vaghela carried out experimental work and wrote draft, Ashish Pawar was reviewed, and edited manuscript. Deepak sharma was examined and editd the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ashish Pawar.

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Vaghela, D.R., Pawar, A. & Sharma, D. Effectiveness of Wheat Straw Biochar in Aqueous Zn Removal: Correlation with Biochar Characteristics and Optimization of Process Parameters. Bioenerg. Res. 16, 457–471 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-022-10471-9

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