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A Study on Dunaliella salina Under Selected Nutrient Manipulation with Reference to the Biomass, Lipid Content Along with Expression of ACCase and RuBisCO Genes

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Abstract

Energy crises and climate change attracted less-explored microalgae as renewable resources. Deficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus are the most effective inducers of lipid accumulation in microalgae but at the cost of biomass productivity. Therefore, nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon manipulation of the culture medium was adopted for maximizing lipid as well as biomass production in Dunaliella salina. Phosphate deficiency in combination with 1.25 mM KNO3 (1/8 of the basal) resulted in higher lipid content (341.1 mg g−1 dry cell weight, DCW), but lower biomass (13.12 mgL−1d−1 DCW). The addition of 10.00 mM NaHCO3 to such cultures enhanced not only lipid content to 1.17-fold but also biomass productivity to 2.25-fold. The increase in biomass may be correlated with the stress-ameliorating effects of bicarbonate augmentation which helped in maintaining the health of the cells, as reflected by robust photosynthetic performance. The two important enzymes, RuBisCO and ACCase were also monitored for their expressions. RuBisCO possesses large and small subunits (rbcL and rbcS) responsible for incorporation of CO2, and beta carboxyl transferase (accD) of the heteromeric ACCase is associated with the first and committed step of fatty acid biosynthesis. Enhanced biomass and lipid content in D. salina cells after NaHCO3 augmentation may be ascribed to 6.23-fold increase in the expression of accD and > 2.16-fold increase in rbcL and rbcS genes. Thus, the present work recommends a threshold level of nitrogen and bicarbonate in phosphate deficient D. salina cultures for simultaneously maximizing the biomass and lipid content.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the Head and Coordinators of CAS in Botany, DST-FIST, ISLS, BHU for providing research facilities.

Funding

The financial supports are also acknowledged by RKA (IOE Scheme No 6031), SRK (09/013/(0574)/2015-EMR-I), AM (09/013(0733)/2017-EMR-I) to CSIR, New Delhi; PS (DSKPDF; No. F.4–2/2006(BSR)/BL/19–20/162) to UGC, PM (19/06/2016(i)EU-V).

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  1. R.N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Sk Riyazat Khadim, Abhishek Mohanta, Priyanka Maurya & Ravi Kumar Asthana

  2. Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India

    Prabhakar Singh & Arvind Kumar Singh

  3. Department of Botany, Marwari College, Darbhanga, Bihar, 846004, India

    Ankit Kumar Singh

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Contributions

SRK: Design of the experiments, execution, data collection and ms writing; AM: Methodology characterization and experimentation; PS: Isolation of D. salina from natural sample, supply of related gene data for primer designing after transcriptomic analysis, Software, data interpretation; PM: Data analysis/interpretation and support in mass cultivation during experimentation; AKS1: Coordination in doing fluorescence microscopy and discussion, software; AKS2: Visualization, Discussion and designing help in validation; RKA: Sample collection from hypersaline Sambhar lake Rajsthan, India. Conceptualization and the direction in designing, writing of ms and compilation. All authors approve the final manuscript.

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Riyazat Khadim, S., Mohanta, A., Singh, P. et al. A Study on Dunaliella salina Under Selected Nutrient Manipulation with Reference to the Biomass, Lipid Content Along with Expression of ACCase and RuBisCO Genes. Bioenerg. Res. 16, 622–637 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-022-10460-y

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