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Participation of Smallholder Farmers in Modern Bioenergy Value Chains in Africa: Opportunities and Constraints

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Abstract

Advancements in the modern bioenergy sector have not comprehensively involved smallholder farmers. To date, their role in developing sustainable bioenergy solutions has been peripheral, seen only as potential producers of bioenergy feedstock. This identity means smallholder farmers are unable to take advantage of the numerous opportunities in the sector. This review is meant to assess the available opportunities and constraints for smallholder farmers to engage in the bioenergy value chains. The major findings show that (1) there are minimum policy provisions to support smallholder farmer participation in the bioenergy sector; (2) existing sector incentives are inclined to benefit already established biofuel companies; (3) collective action remains the best approach for engaging smallholder farmers in bioenergy value chains; (4) smallholder farmers human capital is insufficient to support their participation beyond their traditional role as producers; (5) inherent smallholder farmer challenges related to limited access to land, lack of knowledge, inadequate labour and water scarcity affect their ability to participate; (6) public investment in bioenergy in Africa has been low and not sustained; (7) conditions in biofuel production models involuntarily exclude other smallholder farmers from participating and (8) smallholder farmers are unable to utilize opportunities offered through the second-generation biofuels. Some of the major recommendations of the article include the need to establish sector incentives (including financial support) directly targeting smallholder farmers, improving land tenure security, supporting comprehensive and practical training programmes, re-orientation of existing smallholder farmer cooperatives and promotion of investment in research and development of second-generation biofuels.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Agricultural Sector Education Training Authority (AgriSETA) for funding the project under which this review was conducted.

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This work was supported by AgriSETA. The funder had no role in the preparation or decision to submit the article for publication.

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  1. Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Science Campus, University of South Africa, 28 Pioneer Ave, Florida Park, Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa

    Aluwani Tagwi & Unity Chipfupa

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  1. Aluwani Tagwi
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A. T.: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing; U. C.: methodology, literature search, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Unity Chipfupa.

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Tagwi, A., Chipfupa, U. Participation of Smallholder Farmers in Modern Bioenergy Value Chains in Africa: Opportunities and Constraints. Bioenerg. Res. 16, 248–262 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-022-10451-z

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