Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Production and Evaluation of Physicochemical Characteristics of Paddy Husk Bio-char for its C Sequestration Applications

  • Published:
BioEnergy Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Bio-char is a carbon-rich solid material generated by thermochemical conversion process (pyrolysis) of lignocellulosic biomass, and its viability as a sustainable material has received increasing attention for environmental remediation. The relationship between bio-char properties and its applicability as a soil amendment is still not conclusive. The purpose of this research is to study the bio-char physical and chemical properties from an agricultural residue to examine the quality criteria for carbon sequestration and agricultural uses. Pyrolysis temperature was shown to have a strong impact on production and characteristics of bio-char samples. The bio-char yield decreased with increasing temperatures (350–550 °C). According to proximate and ultimate analysis data, temperature has the strongest impact on carbon stability of bio-char (stability increased at higher temperature). The volatile matter decreased while fixed carbon content increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. To evaluate further bio-char quality, the relationships between (O/C and H/C molar ratio) and (H/C and volatile matter) of raw paddy husk and produced bio-char at various temperatures is proposed. SEM, FT-IR, and 13C NMR findings are in well agreement with thermogravimetric and proximate analysis of the bio-char that structural and physicochemical properties were significantly influenced by pyrolysis temperature. CO2 adsorption rate increased with increasing temperature. Bio-char produced at 450 °C showed higher absorption capability and could be a potential sustainable substrate for C sequestration and soil amendment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ahmed HP, Schoenau JJ (2015) Effects of biochar on yield, nutrient recovery, and soil properties in a canola (Brassica napus L)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L) rotation grown under controlled environmental conditions. Bio Energy Res

  2. Al-Wabel M, Al-Omran A, El-Naggar AH, Nadeem M, Usman ARA (2013) Pyrolysis temperature induced changes in characteristics and chemical composition of bio-char produced from conocarpus wastes. Bioresour Technol 131:374–379

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Braga RM, Melo DMA, Aquino FM, Freitas JCO, Melo MAF, Barros JMF, Fontes MSB (2014) Characterization and comparative study of pyrolysis kinetics of the rice husk and the elephant grass. J Therm Anal Calorim 115:1915–1920

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Brewer CA, Schmidt-Rohr K, Justinus A, Brown RC (2009) Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and gasification systems. Environ Prog Sust Energ 28:386–396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bridgwater AR (2012) Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass Bioenergy 38:68–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Chen YQ, Yang HP, Wang XH, Zhang SH, Chen HP (2012) Biomass-based pyrolytic polygeneration system on cotton stalk pyrolysis: influence of temperature. Bioresour Technol 107:411–418

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Czernik S, Bridgwater A (2004) Overview of applications of biomass fast pyrolysis oil. Energy Fuel 18(2):590–598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Demiral İ, Cemrek Kul S (2014) Pyrolysis of apricot kernel shell in a fixed-bed reactor: characterization of bio-oil and bio-char. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 107:17–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. DeSisto WJ, Hill N, Beis SH, Mukkamala S, Joseph J, Baker C, Ong TH, Stemmler EA, Wheeler MC, Frederick BG, van Heiningen A (2010) Fast pyrolysis of pine sawdust in a fluidized-bed reactor. Energy Fuel 24:2642–2651

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Enders A, Hanley K, Whitman T, Joseph S, Lehmann J (2012) Characterization of bio-chars to evaluate recalcitrance and agronomic performance. Bioresour Technol 114:644–653

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Fu P, Hu S, Xiang J, Sun L, Su S, Wang J (2012) Evaluation of the porous structure development of chars from pyrolysis of rice straw: effects of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 98:177–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ghani WAWAK, Mohd A, Da Silva G, Bachmann RT, Taufiq-Yap YH, Rashid U, Al-Muhtaseb AH (2013) Biochar production from waste rubber-wood-sawdust and its potential use in C sequestration: chemical and physical characterization. Ind Crops Prod 44:18–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Grioui N, Halouani K, Agblevor FA (2014) Bio-oil from pyrolysis of Tunisian almond shell: comparative study and investigation of aging effect during long storage. Energ Sust Devel 21:100–112

  14. Keiluweit M, Nico PS, Johnson MG, Kleber M (2010) Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon (bio-char). Envir Sci Technol 44:1247–1253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lim JS, Abdul Manan Z, Wan Alwi SR, Hashim H (2012) A review on utilization of biomass from rice industry as a source of renewable energy. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16:3084–3094

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. McBeath AV, Smernik RJ, Krull ES, Lehmann J (2013) The influence of feedstock and production temperature on biochar carbon chemistry: a solid-state 13C NMR study. Biomass Bioenergy 60:121–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Nanda S, Azargohar R, Kozinski JA, Dalai AK (2014) Characteristic studies on the pyrolysis products from hydrolyzed Canadian lignocellulosic feedstocks. Bio Energy Res 7:174–191S

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Naqvi SR, Uemura Y, Osman NB, Yusup S, Nuruddin MF (2014) Physiochemical properties of pyrolysis oil derived from fast pyrolysis of wet and dried rice husk in a free fall reactor. Appl Mech Mater 625:604–607

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Naqvi SR, Uemura Y, Osman N, Yusup S (2015) Kinetic study of the catalytic pyrolysis of paddy husk by use of thermogravimetric data and the Coats-Redfern model. Res Chem Intermed. doi:10.1007/s11164-015-1962-0

    Google Scholar 

  20. Naqvi SR, Uemura Y, Yusup S, Sugiura Y, Nishiyama N (2015) In situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of paddy husk pyrolysis vapors over MCM-22 and ITQ-2 zeolites. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2015.04.003

    Google Scholar 

  21. Naqvi SR, Uemura Y, Yusup S (2014) Catalytic pyrolysis of paddy husk in a drop type pyrolyzer for bio-oil production: the role of temperature and catalyst. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 106:57–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Novak JM, Lima I, Xing B, Gaskin JW, Steiner C, Das KC, Ahmedna MA, Rehrah D, Watts DW, Busscher WJ, Schomberg H (2009) Characterization of designer bio-char produced at different temperatures and their effects on a loamy sand. Ann Environ Sci 3:195–206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Osman N, Othman HT, Karim RA, Mazlan MAF (2014) Biomass in Malaysia: forestry-based residues. Int J Biomass Renew 3:7–14

    Google Scholar 

  24. Pattiya A, Sukkasi S, Goodwin V (2012) Fast pyrolysis of sugarcane and cassava residues in a freefall reactor. Energy 44:1067–1077

  25. Pűtűn E, Uzun BB, Pűtűn AE (2006) Fixed-bed catalytic pyrolysis of cotton-seed cake: effect of pyrolysis temperature, natural zeolite content and sweeping gas flow rate. Bioresour Technol 97:701–710

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Rajab Aljuboori A (2013) Oil palm biomass residue in Malaysia: availability and sustainability. Int J Biomass Renew 2:13–18

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sabil KM, Aziz MA, Lal B, Uemura Y (2013) Effects of torrefaction on the physicochemical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch, mesocarp fiber and kernel shell. Biomass Bioenergy 56:351–360

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Sanna A (2014) Advanced biofuels from thermochemical processing of sustainable biomass in Europe. Bio Energy Res 7:36–47

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Silverstein RM, Bassler GC, Morrill TC (1991) Spectrometric identification of organic compounds (5th edition) ISBN 0471 63404 2

  30. Spokas KA (2010) Review of the stability of bio-char in soils: predictability of O:C molar ratios. Carbon Manage 1:289–303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Titiladunayo IF, McDonald AG, Fapetu OP (2012) Effect of temperature on bio-char product yield from selected lignocellulosic biomass in a pyrolysis process. Waste Biomass Valor 3:311–318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Windeatt JH, Ross AB, Williams PT, Forster PM, Nahil MA, Singh S (2014) Characteristics of bio-chars from crop residues: potential for carbon sequestration and soil amendment. J Environ Manag 146:189–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Wu W, Yang M, Feng Q, McGrouther K, Wang H, Lu H, Chen Y (2012) Chemical characterization of rice straw-derived bio-char for soil amendment. Biomass Bioenergy 47:268–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Zimmerman AR (2010) Abiotic and microbial oxidation of laboratory-produced black carbon (biochar). Envion Sci Technol 44:1295–1301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported financially by the Mitsubishi Corporation Education Trust Fund and the MOHE of Malaysia (LRGS: in situ catalytic cracking of biomass to polyols, alcohol, phenolics, aromatic, and alkanes). Prof. Dr. Peter M. MacDonald, from department of chemistry, University of Toronto is gratefully acknowledged for the constructive discussion about 13C NMR.

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Below are the following points which authors want to state for ethical standards:

• The manuscript has not been submitted to any other journal.

• No data and/or text have been fabricated or manipulated to support results and discussion.

• Proper acknowledgment is provided in the acknowledgment section.

• The authors have contributed sufficiently to the scientific work and share collective responsibility and accountability for the results.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no potential conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia

    Salman Raza Naqvi, Yoshimitsu Uemura & Noridah Osman

  2. School of Chemical and Material Engineering (SCME), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Salman Raza Naqvi

  3. Biomass Processing Laboratory, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia

    Suzana Yusup

Authors
  1. Salman Raza Naqvi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yoshimitsu Uemura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Noridah Osman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Suzana Yusup
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yoshimitsu Uemura.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Naqvi, S.R., Uemura, Y., Osman, N. et al. Production and Evaluation of Physicochemical Characteristics of Paddy Husk Bio-char for its C Sequestration Applications. Bioenerg. Res. 8, 1800–1809 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9634-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9634-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation