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Toward standardization of tau PET imaging corresponding to various tau PET tracers: a multicenter phantom study

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Abstract

Objective

Tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a recently developed non-invasive tool that can detect the density and extension of tau neurofibrillary tangles. Tau PET tracers have been validated to harmonize and accelerate their development and implementation in clinical practice. Whereas standard protocols including injected dose, uptake time, and duration have been determined for tau PET tracers, reconstruction parameters have not been standardized. The present study conducted phantom experiments based on tau pathology to standardize quantitative tau PET imaging parameters and optimize reconstruction conditions of PET scanners at four Japanese sites according to the results of phantom experiments.

Methods

The activity of 4.0 and 2.0 kBq/mL for Hoffman 3D brain and cylindrical phantoms, respectively, was estimated from published studies of brain activity using [18F]flortaucipir, [18F]THK5351, and [18F]MK6240. We developed an original tau-specific volume of interest template for the brain based on pathophysiological tau distribution in the brain defined as Braak stages. We acquired brain and cylindrical phantom images using four PET scanners. Iteration numbers were determined as contrast and recover coefficients (RCs) in gray (GM) and white (WM) matter, and the magnitude of the Gaussian filter was determined from image noise.

Results

Contrast and RC converged at ≥ 4 iterations, the error rates of RC for GM and WM were < 15% and 1%, respectively, and noise was < 10% in Gaussian filters of 2–4 mm in images acquired using the four scanners. Optimizing the reconstruction conditions for phantom tau PET images acquired by each scanner improved contrast and image noise.

Conclusions

The phantom activity was comprehensive for first- and second-generation tau PET tracers. The mid-range activity that we determined could be applied to later tau PET tracers. We propose an analytical tau-specific VOI template based on tau pathophysiological changes in patients with AD to standardize tau PET imaging. Phantom images reconstructed under the optimized conditions for tau PET imaging achieved excellent image quality and quantitative accuracy.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number (KW, JP20K16747), the Japanese Government, and an Academic Research Grant from the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan

    Kei Wagatsuma

  2. Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2, Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan

    Kei Wagatsuma, Yuto Kamitaka & Kenji Ishii

  3. Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan

    Kenta Miwa & Tensho Yamao

  4. Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan

    Go Akamatsu

  5. Clinical Imaging Center for Healthcare, Nippon Medical School, 1-12-15, Sendagi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0022, Japan

    Minoru Sakurai

  6. Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan

    Naotoshi Fujita

  7. Division of Positron Emission Tomography, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Onohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan

    Kohei Hanaoka

  8. Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan

    Hiroshi Matsuda

  9. Drug Discovery and Cyclotron Research Center, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, 7-115, Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, 963-8052, Japan

    Hiroshi Matsuda

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  1. Kei Wagatsuma
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Wagatsuma, K., Miwa, K., Akamatsu, G. et al. Toward standardization of tau PET imaging corresponding to various tau PET tracers: a multicenter phantom study. Ann Nucl Med 37, 494–503 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-023-01847-8

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