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Prognosis of thyroid carcinoma patients with osseous metastases: an SEER-based study with machine learning

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Abstract

Objective

Osseous metastasis (OM) is the second most common site of thyroid cancer distant metastasis and presents a poor prognosis. Accurate prognostic estimation for OM has clinical significance. Ascertain the risk factors for survival and develop an effective model to predict the 3-year, 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for thyroid cancer patients with OM.

Methods

We retrieved the information of patients with OMs between 2010 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result Program. The Chi-square test, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. Four machine learning (ML) algorithms, which were most commonly used in this field, were applied.

Result

A total of 579 patients having OMs were eligible. Advanced age, tumor size ≥ 40 mm, combined with other distant metastasis were associated with worse OS in DTC OMs patients. Radioactive iodine (RAI) significantly improved CSS in both males and females. Among four ML models [logistic regression, support vector machines, extreme gradient boosting, and random forest (RF)], RF had the best performance [area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve: 0.9378 for 3-year CSS, 0.9105 for 5-year CSS, 0.8787 for 3-year OS, 0.8909 for 5-year OS]. The accuracy and specificity of RF were also the best.

Conclusions

RF model shall be used to establish an accurate prognostic model for thyroid cancer patients with OM, not only from the SEER cohort but also intended for all thyroid cancer patients in the general population, which may be applicable in clinical practice in the future.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China

    Wanying Shi, Weiming Wu, Qiang Jia, Jian Tan, Wei Zheng, Ning Li & Zhaowei Meng

  2. Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan

    Luyang Zhang

  3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China

    Ke Xu

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  1. Wanying Shi
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  2. Weiming Wu
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Correspondence to Ke Xu or Zhaowei Meng.

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Shi, W., Wu, W., Zhang, L. et al. Prognosis of thyroid carcinoma patients with osseous metastases: an SEER-based study with machine learning. Ann Nucl Med 37, 289–299 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-023-01826-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-023-01826-z

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