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Whole-body vibration exercise and training increase regional CBF in mild cognitive impairment with enhanced cognitive function

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Abstract

Objectives

Preclinical and non-medicinal interventions are essential for preventing and treating cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise is conducted on a platform that generates vertical sinusoidal vibrations, and WBV training may improve regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cognitive function, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether WBV exercise and a 24-week WBV training protocol increased rCBF and enhanced cognitive function in patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI).

Methods

[99mTc]-ECD and SPECT studies were performed on 16 aMCI patients at baseline, during WBV exercise, and on 6 of the 16 patients after 24-week WBV training. To diagnose SPECT images and select the patients, a Z-score mapping approach was used, which revealed pathological hypoperfusion in the parietal association cortex, precuneus and/or posterior cingulate gyrus for MCI at baseline. rCBF was semi-quantitatively measured and underestimation in the high flow range was corrected. Since it is difficult to quantitatively measure rCBF during WBV exercise, the rCBFratio was obtained by standardizing with the average of individual mean SPECT counts with correcting underestimation in the high flow range. The rCBFratios at baseline and after WBV training were also obtained in a similar manner. Since the changes in rCBF were regarded as corresponding to the changes in rCBFratio, the ratios were compared. Cognitive function was also evaluated and compared.

Results

We found that the rCBFratio changed with an average range of 11.5% during WBV exercise, and similar changes were observed after 24-week WBV training with a 13.0% change, resulting in improved cognitive function (MoCA-J, P = 0.028). The rCBFratio increased in the parietal association cortex and occipital lobes, including the precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus, at which hypoperfusion was detected at baseline, but decreased in the frontal lobe and anterior cingulate gyrus. The rCBFratio increased on the right side of several motion-suppressive nuclei by WBV exercise; the bilateral red nuclei and right medial globus pallidus by WBV training.

Conclusion

WBV exercise and training increase rCBF in aMCI patients, and WBV training enhances cognitive function and may increase the cognitive reserve. Further investigation is necessary.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

aMCI:

Amnestic mild cognitive impairment

BA:

Brodmann area

BA1:

Posterior central gyrus

BA7:

Superior parietal lobule and precuneus

BA10:

Frontal pole

BA11:

Orbitofrontal area

BA17:

Primary visual cortex

BA18:

Visual association cortex

BA19:

Occipital association cortex

BA20:

Inferior temporal cortex

BA21:

Middle temporal cortex

BA25:

Subgenual cortex

BA27:

Piriform cortex

BA28:

Posterior entorhinal cortex

BA29, 30:

Retrosplenial cortex

BA33:

Medial anterior cingulate cortex

BA35:

Perirhinal cortex

BA36:

Parahippocampal gyrus

BA38:

Temporal pole

BA39:

Angular gyrus

BA40:

Supramarginal gyrus

BA41:

Transverse temporal gyrus

BA44:

Inferior frontal cortex opercular part

BA45:

Inferior frontal cortex triangular part

BA46:

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

BA47:

Inferior frontal gyrus orbital part

ECD:

[99MTc] ethylene cysteinate dimer

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutylic acid

MCI:

Mild cognitive impairment

MMSE:

Mini-Mental State Examination

MoCA-J:

Montreal Cognitive Assessment Japanese version, MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging

rCBF:

Regional cerebral blood flow

rCBFratio :

Regional cerebral blood flow ratio

ROI:

Region of interest

SD:

Standard deviation

SPECT:

Single photon emission computed tomography

WBV:

Whole-body vibration

WBVex :

Whole-body vibration exercise

WBVtraining :

Whole-body vibration training

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan

    Ikuo Odano & Yasuyuki Taki

  2. Department of Neurology and Radiology, Miyagi Koseikyokai, Izumi Hospital, Sendai, Japan

    Ikuo Odano, Fumio Maeyatsu, Mami Asari, Sayaka Yamaguchi & Tsukasa Miura

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  1. Ikuo Odano
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Odano, I., Maeyatsu, F., Asari, M. et al. Whole-body vibration exercise and training increase regional CBF in mild cognitive impairment with enhanced cognitive function. Ann Nucl Med 36, 82–94 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-021-01687-4

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