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Mapping mining waste and identification of acid mine drainage within an active mining area through sub-pixel analysis on OLI and Sentinel-2

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Abstract

The present research focuses on investigating the application of remote sensing for mapping mining waste and identifying areas prone to acid mine drainage within the area of active mining through sub-pixel analysis on Sentinel-2 and OLI sensor of Landsat-8. For this purpose, the Sarcheshmeh mine located in southeast of Iran was investigated. Mine wastes were initially identified using a partial sub-pixel matched filtering algorithm on OLI and Sentinel-2 data images. Areas having potential for AMD were subsequently determined and assessed by comparing field observations and samples analyses including pH of water samples, as well as mineralogical X-ray diffraction analyses, chemical and spectral analyses like visible near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy, and pH of rock and hardened precipitates samples. Drainage networks were extracted from the digital elevation model (DEM) of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and overlain on the discriminated potential sources of AMD to determine if the hydrologic network intersected the areas of mine waste. Sub-pixel analyses of Sentinal-2 and OLI sensor data indicate that mineral mapping abundance accuracies for potential acid-generating minerals species were determined to be more than 79%. This result suggests that mineral mapping through these sensors is an effective tool for the characterization of mineral species comprising mine waste in areas prone to AMD. Overlaying the results also showed that it is possible to determine the impact of the wastes or polluted AMD on the region and design a plan for managing, controlling, and neutralizing contaminated areas.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author, Mahdieh Hossseinjanizadeh, on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to acknowledge the Iran national science foundation (INSF), Tehran, Iran, and Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran, for their financial support during this study.

Funding

This research was funded by Iran national science foundation (INSF), Tehran, Iran, (under contract number 96003005) and Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran, under contract number  7/S/96/3162.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran

    Mahdieh Hosseinjanizadeh & Mehdi Honarmand

  2. Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    Mehdi Khorasanipour

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Mahdieh Hosseinjanizadeh. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Mahdieh Hosseinjanizadeh and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Hosseinjanizadeh, M., Khorasanipour, M. & Honarmand, M. Mapping mining waste and identification of acid mine drainage within an active mining area through sub-pixel analysis on OLI and Sentinel-2. Earth Sci Inform 16, 3449–3467 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-023-01083-8

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