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Analysis and interpretation of Ilorin aeromagnetic data, North—Central, Nigeria, using geostatistical techniques

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Abstract

The use of geostatistical approaches in the structural dependency analysis and interpretation of magnetic response in conjunction with bedrock composition cannot be de-emphasised. This study utilised the two geostatistical tools namely; variogram and kriging in investigating the structural and spatial dependence index of the magnetic variation in different lithological bedrock constituents. Aeromagnetic data of Ilorin sheet 223 obtained from Nigeria Geological Survey Agency was analysed using a geostatistical approach. Nine lithological units (L1 – L9) were assessed such that their magnetic structural dependency was delineated by fitting the variogram models while the spatial magnetic variation was estimated using ordinary kriging method. Three variogram models; Spherical, Exponential and Gaussian models were adopted. The Nugget Sill Ratio (NSR) and Coefficient of Variability (CV) were as well deduced. Variogram cloud together with box and whisker plot were used to delineate the anomalous magnetic responses across the units. From the fitted models, the results accounted for NSR in the range of 4.1 – 46.2%, 4.0 – 42.4% and 4.1 – 43.7% for Spherical, Exponential and Gaussian models, respectively. Two structural dependencies levels; strong and moderate, were estimated across the nine lithological units. Six units revealed strong autocorrelation levels while three units give rise to a moderate level. Based on kriging estimation, three distinct levels; low, moderate and high magnetic response were identified across the nine lithological units. The least (- 482.6 nT) and highest (401.5 nT) magnetic responses were found associated with L6 lithological unit. Low variability (homogeneity) was found associated with four units (CV < 60%), while five units accounted for heterogeneous response (CV > 60%) in the source of magnetic intensity. In this study, geostatistical methods have proven to be good in estimating the magnetic structural and spatial dependency associated with Ilorin lithological bedrock units.

Highlights

• Airborne magnetic data sets of Ilorin, North central Nigeria were analysed using Variogram and Kriging.

• Three variogram models; Spherical, Gaussian and Exponential were adopted for estimating the degree of structural spatial dependency.

• Strong and moderate spatial dependence were obtained across the nine (9) classified lithological units.

• Based on kriging, the undifferentiated, granitic and granodiorite rock units have the highest magnetic responses.

• The cross validation accounted for strong relationship between the observed and the predicted values thereby making kriging a good predictor of geophysical data set.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency for their support in releasing the airborne magnetic data for the study area. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comment which gave new insight to the work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria

    Fidelis Olatoyosi Ogunsanwo, Jacob Dele Ayanda, Ayobamidele Dele Adelaja, Elijah Olukayode Falayi & Johnson Olufemi Adepitan

  2. Physics Department, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria

    Vitalis Chidi Ozebo

  3. Physics Department, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

    Oluwaseun Tolutope Olurin

  4. Physics Department, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria

    Joseph Olalekan Coker

  5. Geography Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

    Joseph Muyiwa Olumoyegun

  6. Federal Character Commission, Abuja, Nigeria

    Joseph Adeniyi Olowofela

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  1. Fidelis Olatoyosi Ogunsanwo
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  2. Vitalis Chidi Ozebo
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  3. Oluwaseun Tolutope Olurin
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  7. Ayobamidele Dele Adelaja
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Contributions

F.O. Ogunsanwo conceived the idea and is the principal investigator, V.C Ozebo, J.D Ayanda and J.A Olowofela edited the manuscript, O.T Olurin and J.M Olumoyegun geologically characterized the sheet into units, F.O. Ogunsanwo, J.O. Coker A.D, Adelaja, E.O Falayi and J.O Adepitan sorted the data into the lithological units and developed the Matlab program code for the geostatistical analysis.

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Correspondence to Fidelis Olatoyosi Ogunsanwo.

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Ogunsanwo, F.O., Ozebo, V.C., Olurin, O.T. et al. Analysis and interpretation of Ilorin aeromagnetic data, North—Central, Nigeria, using geostatistical techniques. Earth Sci Inform 15, 2195–2212 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-022-00867-8

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