Abstract
Productivity and efficiency of the agricultural sector have been important issues in recent years. Useful information helps to improve procedures of farming. Land is an important component in farming. Therefore, much precise information about the land have significant impact on improvements. The geospatial products of the land provide useful information. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is an important geospatial product. The DEM usually is generated using stereo satellite or areal imagery or radar equipment which are not available publicly. So, in this paper, a mobile application is proposed which uses the capabilities of the smartphones to produce the DEM. In the app, user is guided to capture required samples from specified points of the land. Then, some estimation and interpolation algorithms are used for generating the DEM accurately. The results of this app such as DSM, aspect which is made using dip direction and slope which is made using dip angle are provided as three overlay on the map. The DEM quality is assessed by an external method using ground control data which are captured in experiments. The results show that the developed app provides DEM of RMSE 0.33 which shows that the generated DEM is desirable and applicable in the several engineering analyses.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
GPS Accuracy (2021) https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/performance/accuracy/. Accessed: 2021-12-21
Aguilar MA, Jiménez-Lao R, Nemmaoui A, Aguilar FJ (2020) Geometric accuracy assessment of deimos-2 panchromatic stereo pairs: Sensor orientation and digital surface model production. Sensors, 20(24), https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247234, https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7234
Butler JB, Lane SN, Chandler JH (1998) Assessment of dem quality for characterizing surface roughness using close range digital photogrammetry. Photogramm Rec 16(92):271–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/0031-868X.00126
Cheng L (2017) Algorithms study on strike and dip of structural planes using three-dimensional electronic compass. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, pp 592–597
Maidment DT DR (2011) Computation of Slope. Tech. Rep., University of Texas at Austin
Dowman IJ, Jacobsen K, Konecny G, Sandau R (2012) High resolution optical satellite imagery. Whittles Publishing Scotland, UK
Du K, Xin J, Shi Y, Liu D, Zhang Y (2018) A high-precision vision-based mobile robot slope detection method in unknown environment. Chinese Automation Congress (CAC), pp 3192–3197
Durmaz AI (November 2017) Creating Digital Elevation Model Using a Mobile Device. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 44W4:203–207. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-4-W4-203-2017
Erdbrügger J, van Meerveld I, Bishop K, Seibert J (2021) Effect of dem-smoothing and -aggregation on topographically-based flow directions and catchment boundaries. J Hydrol, p 126717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126717, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169421007678
Lee S, Suh J, Choi Y (2018) Review of smartphone applications for geoscience: current status, limitations, and future perspectives. Earth Science Informatics 11(4):463–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-018-0343-9
Lee S, Suh J, dong Park H (2013) Smart compass-clinometer: A smartphone application for easy and rapid geological site investigation, vol 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.07.014, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098300413002100
M.H. Aown A, Al-Bukhaiti K, Ameen M, Al-Gharsi M, Al-Falahi M (2018) Studying the accuracy of elevation measurements in the positioning system gnss in comparison of conventional leveling methods. International Journal Of Engineering Sciences Research Technology 7(4):493–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/10.5281/zenodo.1218703
Ma Y, Liu H, Jiang B, Meng L, Guan H, Xu M, Cui Y, Kong F, Yin Y, Wang M (2020) An innovative approach for improving the accuracy of digital elevation models for cultivated land. Remote Sens, 12(20), https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12203401, https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/20/3401
Mathworks (2021) Capturing azimuth, pitch, and roll example, https://www.mathworks.com. Accessed: 2021-08-12
Mohamed EA, Albert YG, Amr EM (2020) Improving the accuracy of rtk-gnss data in digital elevation model. In: Proceedings of the 2020 3rd International Conference on Geoinformatics and Data Analysis. ICGDA 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3397056.3397071. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, pp 86–90
Mokarram M, Hojati M (2017) Morphometric analysis of stream as one of resources for agricultural lands irrigation using high spatial resolution of digital elevation model (dem). Comput Electron Agric 142:190–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.09.001, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016816991731089X
Nemmaoui A, Aguilar FJ, Aguilar MA, Qin R (2019) Dsm and dtm generation from vhr satellite stereo imagery over plastic covered greenhouse areas. Comput Electron Agric 164:104903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.104903, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016816991830262X
Trendov MZ NM (2019) Digital technologies in agriculture and rural areas. Tech. Rep., FAO
Pilesjö P, Persson A, Harrie L (2006) Digital elevation data for estimation of potential wetness in ridged fields–comparison of two different methods. Agric Water Manag 79(3):225–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.02.017, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377405001320
Polidori L, El Hage M (2020) Digital elevation model quality assessment methods: A critical review. Remote Sens, 12(21), https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213522, https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/21/3522
Turunen M, Warsta L, Paasonen-Kivekäs M, Nurminen J, Alakukku L, Myllys M, Koivusalo H (2015) Effects of terrain slope on long-term and seasonal water balances in clayey, subsurface drained agricultural fields in high latitude conditions. Agric Water Manag 150:139–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.12.008, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377414003928
Veness C (2021) Calculate distance, bearing and more between latitude/longitude points, https://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/latlong.html. Accessed: 2021-08-13
Wang J, Ju N, He C, Cai J, Zheng D (2020) Assessment of the accuracy of several methods for measuring the spatial attitude of geological bodies using an android smartphone. Computers & Geosciences 136:104393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2019.104393, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098300419303991
Watson DF (1992) Contouring: A Guide to the Analysis and Display of Spatial Data, vol 1. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Weng Y-H, Sun F-S, Grigsby JD (2012) Geotools: An android phone application in geology. Computers & Geosciences 44:24–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.02.027, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098300412000830
Whitmeyer SJ, Pyle EJ, Pavlis TL, Swanger W, Roberts L (2019) Modern approaches to field data collection and mapping: Digital methods, crowdsourcing, and the future of statistical analyses. J Struct Geol 125:29–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2018.06.023, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814117302985. Back to the future
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Communicated by: H. Babaie
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pazouki, E. Generating digital elevation model from farm fields using smartphone. Earth Sci Inform 15, 915–928 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-022-00776-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-022-00776-w