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Irrelevant angry, but not happy, faces interfere with conscious perception under high perceptual load: The role of trait impulsivity

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Abstract

Recent studies suggest that attentional bias towards emotional distractors depends on a task’s perceptual load. The specifics of the interaction of perceptual load in the context of conscious perception and the role of personality traits (i.e., anxiety and impulsivity) in this interaction have not been thoroughly explored. In the present study, we aimed to identify how personality traits affect the allocation of attention to irrelevant angry and happy emotional face stimuli under different attention conditions, which may affect perception. Participants performed a letter-search task, in which they searched for a target (X or N) in a low (circular non-target letters) or high (angular non-target letters) perceptual load condition in the presence of irrelevant emotional faces (happy or angry). Furthermore, in 25% of trials, a meaningless squiggle was presented in the periphery, and participants were required to detect the squiggle. The conscious perception of the squiggle was calculated using the d prime. We measured trait impulsivity with the UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour scale and trait anxiety with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results showed that in highly impulsive participants, irrelevant angry faces presented during the high load condition significantly reduced their sensitivity to detecting the squiggle, compared with happy and neutral faces. The findings have theoretical implications for our understanding of the role of personality traits in the interaction between attention and emotions in shaping conscious perception.

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https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1gIh_L6slSVvS6xvCKu9sRAI2_eNHGoy2/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=106334705737420245984&rtpof=true&sd=true

Notes

  1. To further confirm the mediating role of impulsivity in the interaction between emotion and load, we performed an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using 2 loads (high versus low) × and 3 emotions (happy, angry and neutral) as within-group factors by using the d’ score, in which the impulsivity score was used as covariate. Interestingly, there was a significant interaction between load and emotion when controlling for impulsivity F(2, 112) = 6.19, MSE = 0.428, p = .003, ηp2 = 0.10. There was a significant interaction between load and emotion as well F(2, 112) = 5.06, MSE = 0.428, p = .008, ηp2 = 0.083). The other main and interaction effects were not significant (F < 1, for all).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India

    Rajeshwari Muthukumaran & Rashmi Gupta

  2. IITB-Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India

    Rajeshwari Muthukumaran

  3. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Naomi Kakoschke

  4. School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

    Antonio Verdejo-García

Authors
  1. Rajeshwari Muthukumaran
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  2. Rashmi Gupta
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  3. Naomi Kakoschke
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  4. Antonio Verdejo-García
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rashmi Gupta.

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The procedures used in this study were approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee from our institute. Also, the procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Muthukumaran, R., Gupta, R., Kakoschke, N. et al. Irrelevant angry, but not happy, faces interfere with conscious perception under high perceptual load: The role of trait impulsivity. Curr Psychol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-05904-x

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