Abstract
The aging populace and dementia are strongly correlated as they seemingly increase every year. This effect has severe costs at patient and family levels. This narrative review presented a synopsis of biological evidence of preventing dementia. Three prevention actions were provided, including (i) the human body protecting the brain (treating cardiovascular morbidity); (ii) compensatory mechanisms that help prevent brain aging, for example brain stimulating occupations and education; and (iii) promotion of healthy lifestyle such as being physically active, smoking and alcohol consumption cessation, and eating balanced diets. Biological mechanisms were also examined, including vascular damage, neurodegeneration, brain resilience, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Complex factors underlie dementia’s origin and development, and they also play a part in the condition’s rising prevalence. Evidence from the field of epidemiology today indicates that there are many knowledge gaps. There are several of these, including unclear causality, the disease’s complex pathology, difficulties measuring environmental factors or way of life as potential risk factors, a lack of longitudinal data, the presence of multiple factors, and difficulties identifying and diagnosing dementia in its earliest stages. The review also noted pharmacological treatments that could help manage dementia and as well delay its progression. Dementia is on increasing prevalence worldwide, but multidomain prevention strategies may help to reduce the dementia epidemic. Filling these gaps is important for wide-reaching prevention of dementia.
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Abukuri, D.N. Evidenced-based biological prevention and intervention strategies of dementia: a narrative review. Curr Psychol 43, 8799–8811 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05017-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05017-x