Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The dualistic model of passion in adapted sport: a double-serial mediation analysis on satisfaction with life

  • Published:
Current Psychology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Adapted sports practice has increased in recent years, and has now put an additional demand on research to further explore and understand the characteristics of this field of practice. The main aim of this study was to examine the serial mediation effects of motivation and affective activation in relationships between passion and satisfaction with life in adapted sports athletes. The study sample comprised 143 adapted sports athletes (male = 107) aged between 15 and 59 years (M = 29.21; SD = 10.45) enrolled in distinct modalities. Double serial mediation models were developed according to hypothetical associations, and were analyzed using PROCESS macro v. 3.3. In both models, no direct effect between the types of passion and satisfaction with life emerged. However, positive indirect effects through self-determined motivation have emerged in the harmonious and obsessive passion models, as for a distinct and positive effect of relatedness in satisfaction with life.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  • Allison, P. (2000). Multiple imputation for missing data: A cautionary tale. Sociological Methods & Research, 28, 301–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124100028003003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banack, H. R., Sabiston, C., & Bloom, G. A. (2011). Coach autonomy support, basic need satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation of Paralympic athletes. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 84, 722–730. https://doi.org/10.5641/027013611X13275192111989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Duda, J. L. (2008). Apoyo a la autonomía, satisfacción de las necesidades, motivación y bienestar en deportistas de competición: Un análisis de la teoría de la autodeterminación [Autonomy support, needs satisfaction, motivation and well-being in competitive athletes: a test of the self-determination theory]. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 17(1), 123–139

  • Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. (2011). Psychological need thwarting in the sport context: Assessing the darker side of athletic experience. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33, 75–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bélanger, J. J., Lafrenière, M.-A. K., Vallerand, R. J., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2013). Driven by fear: The effect of success and failure information on passionate individuals’ performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104, 180–195. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029585

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Busseri, M., & Sadava, S. (2010). A review of the tripartite structure of subjective well-being: Implications for conceptualization, operationalization, analysis, and synthesis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15, 290–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868310391271

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carpentier, J., & Mageau, G. A. (2013). When change-oriented feedback enhances motivation, well-being and performance: A look at autonomy-supportive feedback in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(3), 423–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.01.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cid, L., Vitorino, A., Bento, T., Teixeira, D. S., Rodrigues, F., & Monteiro, D. (2019). The passion scale—Portuguese version: Reliability, validity, and invariance of gender and sport. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 126, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512519849744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curran, T., Appleton, P., Hill, A., & Hall, H. (2013). The mediating role of psychological need satisfaction in relationships between types of passion for sport and athlete burnout. Journal of Sport Sciences, 31, 597–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.742956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curran, T., Hill, A. P., Appleton, P. R., Vallerand, R. J., & Standage, M. (2015). The psychology of passion: A meta-analytical review of a decade of research on intrapersonal outcomes. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 631–655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-015-9503-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological bulletin, 95. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2162125, 95, 542, 575

  • Diener, E. (1985). The Satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31, 103–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01207052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.

  • Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DePauw, K., & Gavron, S. (2005). Disability sport (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL.

  • Ekkekakis, P. (2013). The measurement of affect, mood and emotion. University Press.

  • Feldman Barrett, L., & Russell, J. A. (1998). Independence and bipolarity in the structure of current affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(4), 967–984. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.4.967

  • Felton, L., & Jowett, S. (2013). "what do coaches do" and "how do they relate": Their effects on athletes' psychological needs and functioning. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 23, e130–e139. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forrest, J., Mageau, G., Sarrazin, C., & Morin, E. (2011). “Work is my passion”: The different affective, Behavioural, and cognitive consequences of harmonious and obsessive passion toward work. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 28, 27–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gagné, M., & Blanchard, C. (2007). Self-determination theory and well-being in athletes: It's the situation that counts. In M. S. Hagger & N. L. D. Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (pp. 243–254,353–355). Human Kinetics.

  • Galinha, I., Pereira, C., & Esteves, F. (2014). Short-form of the Portuguese version of the positive and negative affect schedule - PANAS-port-VRP: Confirmatory factorial analysis and temporal invariance. Psicologia, 28(1), 53–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillet, N., Vallerand, R. J., Lafrenière, M.-A. K., & Bureau, J. S. (2013). The mediating role of positive and negative affect in the situational motivation-performance relationship. Motivation and Emotion, 37, 465–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-012-9314-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Black, W. C. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Hoboken, NJ.

  • Hayes, A. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.

  • Heo, J., Lee, Y., Lundberg, N., McCormick, B., & Chun, S. (2008). Adaptive sport as serious leisure: Do self-determination, skill level, and leisure constraints matter? Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, 16, 31–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgins, H. S., & Knee, C. R. (2002). The integrating self and conscious experience. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (p. 87–100). University of Rochester Press: Rochester.

  • Houlfort, N., Fernet, C., Vallerand, R., Laframboise, A., Guay, F., & Koestner, R. (2015). The role of passion for work and need satisfaction in psychological adjustment to retirement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 84–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IPC (2015). Strategic plan 2015 to 2018 - strategic outlook for the international Paralympic committee. Disponível em International Paralympic Committee.

  • Jowett, S., Adie, J., Bartholomew, K., Yang, S., Gustafsson, H., & López-Jiménez, H. (2017). Motivational processes in the coach-athlete relationship: A multi-cultural self-determination approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 32, 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.06.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kent, S., Kingston, K., & Paradis, K. (2018). The relationship between passion, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Athlete Burnout: Examining Direct and Indirect Effects. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 12, 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2017-0030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lalande, D. R., Vallerand, R. J., Lafrenière, M.-A. K., Verner-Filion, J., Laurent, F.-A., Forest, J., & Paquet, Y. (2017). Obsessive passion: A compensatory response to unsatisfied needs. Journal of Personality, 85, 163–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12229

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lightheart, V. L., Wilson, P. M., & Oster, K. (2010). Strength versus balance: The contributions of two different models of psychological need satisfaction to well-being in adapted sport athletes. In I. E. Wells (Ed.), Psychological well-being (pp. 157–170). Nova Science.

  • Lundberg, N., Groff, D., & Zabriskie, R. (2010). Psychological need Satisfaction through sports participation among international athletes with cerebral palsy. Annals of Leisure Research, 13, 102–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2010.9686840

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macdougall, H., O’Halloran, P., Sherry, E., & Shields, N. (2015). Needs and strengths of Australian Para athletes: Identifying their subjective, psychological, social, and physical health and well-being. Sport Psychologist, 30, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2015-0006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mageau, G. A., Carpentier, J., & Vallerand, R. J. (2011). The role of self-esteem contingencies the distinction between obsessive and harmonious passion. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 720–729. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. (2018). Handbook of Disability Sport & Exercise Psychology. Oxford University Press.

  • Monteiro, D., Marinho, D. A., Moutão, J., Couto, N., Antunes, & Cid, L. (2016). Adaptation and Validation of Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale to the sport domain and invariance across soccer and swimming. Motricidade, 12(4), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.9372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monteiro, D., Pelletier, L., Moutão, J., & Cid, L. (2018). Examining the motivational determinants of enjoyment and the intention to continue of persistence competitive swimmers. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 49, 1–00. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2018.49

  • Monteiro, D., Teixeira, D. S., Travassos, B., Duarte-Mendes, P., Machado, S., Moutão, J., & Cid, L. (2018b). Perceived effort in football athletes: The role of achievement goal theory and self-determination theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(1575), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monteiro, D., Teixeira, D. S., Vitorino, A., Moutão, J., Rodrigues, F., Machado, S., & Cid, L. (2019). Behavioral regulation sport questionnaire (BRSQ): Gender and sport invariance in Portuguese athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 126, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512519825700

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F. (1993). Satisfaction with life scale: Psychometric properties in an adolescent sample. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22(2), 125–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ntoumanis, N., Ng, J. Y. Y., Prestwich, A., Quested, E., Hancox, J. E., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., et al. (2020). Meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health Domain: Effects on Motivation, Health Behavior, Physical, and Psychological Health. Health Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529

  • Nunez, J., León, J., González, V., & Martín-Albo, J. (2011). Propuesta de un modelo explicativo del bienestar psicológico en el contexto Deportivo. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20, 223–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parastatidou, I. S., Doganis, G., Theodorakis, Y., & Vlachopoulos, S. P. (2014). The mediating role of passion in the relationship of exercise motivational regulations with exercise dependence symptoms. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 12, 406–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-013-9466-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2008). The Satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701756946

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pelletier, L., & Sarrazin, P. (2007). Measurement issues in self-determination theory and sport. In M. Hagger & N. Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (pp. 143–152). Champaing-Illinois.

  • Perreault, S., & Vallarand, R. J. (2007). A test of self-determination theory with wheelchair basketball players with and without disability. Adapted physical activity quarterly: APAQ, 24(4), 305–316.

  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Met, 40, 879–891.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reis, H., Sheldon, K., Gable, S., Roscoe, R., & Ryan, R. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200266002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rip, B., Fortin, S., & Vallerand, R. J. (2006). The relationship between passion and injury in dance students. Journal of Dance, Medicine & Science, 10, 14–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues, F., Teixeira, D. S., Neiva, H., Cid, L., & Monteiro, D. (2020). The bright and dark sides of motivation as predictors of enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, R., & Deci, E. (2017). Self-determination theory. In Basic psychological needs in motivation, development and wellness. The Guilford Press.

  • Salama-Younes, M. (2018). Passion types and subjective well-being for French older adult runners. Journal of Leisure Research, 49, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2018.1505160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarrazin, P., Boiché, J., & Pelletier, L. (2007). “A self-determination theory approach to dropout in athletes,” in Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport, eds M. Hagger and N. Chatzisarantis (Illinois: Human Kinetics), 229–241.

  • Seaward, B. (2000). Stress and human spirituality 2000: At the crossroads of physics and metaphysics. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 25(4), 241–246.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schiphof-Godart, L., & Hettinga, F. J. (2017). Passion and pacing in endurance performance. Frontiers in Physiology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00083

  • Shrout, P., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422–445.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira, D. S., Marques, M. M., & Palmeira, A. L. (2018). Associations between affect, basic psychological needs and motivation in physical activity contexts: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicologia del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 13, 225–233.

  • Teixeira, D. S., Silva, M. N., & Palmeira, A. L. (2018). How does frustration make you feel? A motivational analysis in exercise context. Motivation and Emotion, 42, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-018-9690-6

  • Teixeira, D. S., Pelletier, L., Monteiro, D., Rodrigues, F., Moutão, J., Marinho, D., & Cid, L. (2019). Motivational patterns in persistent swimmers: A serial mediation analysis. European Journal of Sport Sciences., 20, 660–669. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1675768

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vallerand, R. J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 271–360). San Diego: Academic Press.

  • Vallerand, R. J. (2012). From motivation to passion: In search of the motivational processes involved in a meaningful life. Canadian Psychology, 53(1), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vallerand, R. J. (2015). The psychology of passion: A dualistic model. (R. J. Vallerand, Ed.). Oxford University press.

  • Vallerand, R. J., Mageau, G. A., Elliot, A. J., Dumais, A., Demers, M. A., & Rousseau, F. (2008). Passion and performance attainment in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(3), 373–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.05.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vallerand, R. J., Mageau, G. A., Ratelle, C., Léonard, M., Blanchard, C., Koestner, R., et al. (2003). Les passions de 1′Âme: On obsessive and harmonious passion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(4), 756–767. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.4.756

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vallerand, R. J., Rousseau, F., Grouzet, F., Dumais, A., Grenier, S., & Blanchard, C. (2006). Passion in sport: A look at determinants and affective experiences. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28, 454–478

  • Vallerand, R. J., Salvy, S. J., Mageau, G. A., Elliot, A. J., Denis, P. L., Grouzet, F. M. E., & Blanchard, C. (2007). On the role of passion in performance. Journal of Personality, 75(3), 505–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00447.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vallerand, R., & Verner-Filion, J. (2020). Theroy and research in passion for sport and exercise. In G. Tenenbaum & R. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 206–230). Wiley.

  • Verner-Filion, J., Schellenberg, B. J. I., Rapaport, M., Bélanger, J. J., & Vallerand, R. J. (2018). “The Thrill of Victory... and the Agony of Defeat”: Passion and Emotional Reactions to Success and Failure among Recreational Golfers. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 40, 280–283. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2017-0316

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warburton, V. E., Wang, J. C. K., Bartholomew, K. J., Tuff, R., & Bishop, K. (2020). Need satisfaction and need frustration as distinct and potentially co-occurring constructs: Need profiles examined in physical education and sport. Motivation and Emotion, 44, 54–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09798-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1063–1070.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., Wises, D., Vaidya, J., & Tellegen, A. (1999). The two general activation systems of affect: Structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychological evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 820–838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lusófona University (FEFD/ULHT), Lisbon, Portugal

    Diogo S. Teixeira & Anastasiia Evmenenko

  2. Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal

    Diogo S. Teixeira

  3. Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal

    Filipe Rodrigues, Anabela Vitorino, Luís Cid & Teresa Bento

  4. ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal

    Filipe Rodrigues, Verónica Morales-Sánchez & Diogo Monteiro

  5. Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal

    Anabela Vitorino, Luís Cid, Teresa Bento & Diogo Monteiro

  6. Center for Organizational and Social Studies of P. PORTO, (CEOS.PP P. PORTO), Porto, Portugal

    Rita Macedo

Authors
  1. Diogo S. Teixeira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Filipe Rodrigues
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anabela Vitorino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Luís Cid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Teresa Bento
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Anastasiia Evmenenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Rita Macedo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Verónica Morales-Sánchez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Diogo Monteiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Diogo S. Teixeira.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Conflict of Interest

Diogo S. Teixeira, Filipe Rodrigues, Anabela Vitorino, Luís Cid, Teresa Bento, Anastasiia Evmenenko, Rita Macedo, Verónica Morales-Sánchez, e Diogo Monteiro declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Teixeira, D.S., Rodrigues, F., Vitorino, A. et al. The dualistic model of passion in adapted sport: a double-serial mediation analysis on satisfaction with life. Curr Psychol 42, 8919–8930 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02186-5

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02186-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation