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Long-term and short-term psycho-social predictors of early-adulthood depression: role of childhood trauma, neuroticism, social-support, resilience, and life-events

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Abstract

Depression is one of the most commonly occurring mental disorders, with most of its first onset during early-adulthood. However, the temporal process of its occurrence has been poorly revealed. Based on dynamic stress-vulnerability model, the current study aims to observe the longitudinal predictors of early-adulthood depression. Five hundred and seven college-students were recruited and investigated at base-line (T1), 433 of whom (Male/Female: 389/44; age 18.92 ± 1.41) completed the 3-year longitudinal investigation (T2). Correlation, hierarchical regression and structural equation model tests were carried out. At T1 and T2, individuals who reported mild, moderate, and severe depression were, 37.64%/24.48% (n = 163, 106), 5.31%/6.47% (n = 23, 28), and 3.23%/3.46% (n = 14, 15), respectively. Pearson correlation showed that early-adulthood depression was positively correlated with childhood trauma, psychoticism and neuroticism, life-events, and negatively correlated with extraversion, social-support, and resilience. Regression and structural equation models showed that neuroticism had direct and indirect effect on T1 depression through T1 life-events, social-support and resilience, while childhood emotional abuse (EA) and neuroticism had direct and indirect effect on T2 depression through T1 resilience and depression, and T2 life-events and resilience. This study is among the first to reveal the longitudinal temporal process of the development of early-adulthood depression, i.e., childhood EA and neuroticism have remote impact on early-adulthood depression through recent and current life-events, social-support, and resilience. Our findings help to reveal the etiology of early-adulthood depression, i.e., both longstanding and adjacent psychosocial status have a contribution, which helps to better prevent and cure depression during early-adulthood.

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Acknowledgements

Doctor Dai claimed that this study was supported by key project of nature science foundation of Chongqing (cstc2020jcyj-zdxmX0009), Medical innovation project of Army Medical University (2019ZLX003), the Key project and innovation project of People’s Liberation Army of China (18CXZ005, BLJ19J009). The authors thank Mr. Yang of the Third Military Medical University for her support for undergraduate recruitment. We appreciated the hard working of all graduate students who took part in this study as research assistants.

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  1. Authors “Zhaohua Chen and Sitong Shen” contributed equally to this paper

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  1. Department of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China

    Zhaohua Chen, Sitong Shen & Qin Dai

  2. Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China

    Qin Dai

  3. Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China

    Qin Dai

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Chen, Z., Shen, S. & Dai, Q. Long-term and short-term psycho-social predictors of early-adulthood depression: role of childhood trauma, neuroticism, social-support, resilience, and life-events. Curr Psychol 42, 3904–3916 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01570-5

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