Abstract
The purpose of this research was to extend the validation of the short version of the Workgroup Emotional Intelligence Profile (WEIP-S), notably by examining its predictive validity for team performance. Six studies were conducted (N = 1810) to achieve this objective. In Study 1, the WEIP-S was translated into French and examined with respect to its factor structure and reliability (N = 311). In Study 2, the factor structure was validated in a sample of French employees in various occupations (N = 1141). Studies 3 and 4 (N = 106) examined the test-retest reliability and assessed the convergent validity. The predictive validity of the WEIP-S was examined in Study 5 (N = 80, 40 dyads) and in Study 6 (N = 172, 57 teams). The results indicate that the WEIP-S has a four-factor structure and can be reliably measured with 16 items. Moreover, it can be used as a predictive measure of team performance: groups with higher average levels of emotional intelligence performed better than those with lower levels. This research establishes the suitability of the WEIP-S for various occupations and offers researchers a short, validated measure to predict team performance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Ashkanasy, N. (2003). Emotions in organizations: A multi-level perspective. In F. Dansereau & F. Yammarino (Eds.), Multi-level issues in organizational behavior and strategy (Vol. 2, pp. 9–54). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1475-9144(03)02002-2.
Ashkanasy, N. M., & Dorris, A. D. (2017). Emotions in the workplace. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 67–90. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516113231.
Ashkanasy, N. M., & Humphrey, R. H. (2011). Current emotion research in organizational behavior. Emotion Review, 3, 214–224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073910391684.
Bar-On, R. (1997). Bar-On emotional quotient inventory: A measure of emotional intelligence. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
Barsade, S. G., & Gibson, D. E. (2007). What does affect matter in organization? Academy of Management Perspectives, 21, 36–59 https://www.jstor.org/stable/i395781.
Barsade, S. G., Brief, A. P., & Spataro, S. E. (2003). The affective revolution in organizational behavior: The emergence of a paradigm. In J. Greenberg (Ed.), Organizational behavior: A management challenge (pp. 3–52). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.
Berrios Martos, M. P., Lopez-Zafra, E., Pulido-Martos, M., & Augusto, J. M. (2013). Are emotional intelligent workers also more empathic? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54, 407–414. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12058.
Bertram, J., Moskaliuk, J., & Cress, U. (2015). Virtual training: Making reality work? Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 284–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.032.
Bliese, P. D. (2000). Within-group agreement, non-independence, and reliability: Implication for data aggregation and analysis. In K. J. Klein & S. W. J. Kozlowski (Eds.), Multilevel theory, research and methods in organizations: Foundations, extensions and new directions (pp. 349–381). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Brito-Costa, S., Bem-Haja, P., Alberty, A., Gomes, A., Castro, F. V., & de Almeida, H. (2015). Portuguese version of workgroup emotional profile-short version (WEIP-S): Psychometric properties. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 2, 69–82. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2015.n2.v1.324.
Chang, J. W., Sy, T., & Choi, J. N. (2012). Team emotional intelligence and performance: Interactive dynamics between leaders and members. Small Group Research, 43, 75–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496411415692.
Cotard, C. & Michinov, E. (2018). When team member familiarity affects transactive memory and skills: A simulation-based training among police teams. Ergonomics, 61, 1591–1600. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2018.1510547.
Côté, S. (2014). Emotional intelligence in organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 459–488. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091233.
Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113.
Druskat, V. U., & Wolff, S. B. (2001). Group emotional intelligence and its influence on group effectiveness. In C. Cherniss & D. Goleman (Eds.), The emotionally intelligent workplace (pp. 132–155). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
D'Zurilla, T. J., & Nezu, A. M. (1990). Development and preliminary evaluation of the social problem-solving inventory. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2, 156–163. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.2.2.156.
Elfenbein, H. A. (2006). Team emotional intelligence: What it can mean and how it can affect performance. In V. U. Druskat, F. Sala, & G. Mount (Eds.), Linking emotional intelligence and performance at work: Current research evidence with individuals and groups (pp. 165–184). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Fahr, C. I., Seo, M.-G., & Tesluk, P. E. (2012). Emotional intelligence, teamwork effectiveness, and job performance: The moderating role of job context. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 890–900. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027377.
Gilet, A., Mella, N., Studer, J., Grühn, D., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2012). Assessing dispositional empathy in adults: A French validation of the interpersonal reactivity index (IRI). Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 45, 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030425.
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. New York: Bantam Books.
Goleman, D. (1998a, November–December). What makes a leader? Harvard Business Review, 76, 93–102.
Goleman, D. (1998b). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
Hall, J., & Watson, W. H. (1970). The effects of a normative intervention on group decision-making performance. Human Relations, 23, 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872677002300404.
Harms, P. D., & Credé, M. (2010). Emotional intelligence and transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analysis. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 17, 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051809350894.
Harvey, P., & Dasborough, M. T. (2006). Consequences of employee attributions in the workplace: The role of emotional intelligence. Psicothema, 18(Suppl), 145–151.
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118.
James, L. R. (1982). Aggregation bias in estimates of perceptual agreement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.67.2.219.
Johnson, D., & Johnson, E. (1975). Joining together: Group theory and group skills. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Jordan, P., & Lawrence, S. (2009). Emotional intelligence in teams: Development and initial validation of the short version of the workgroup emotional intelligence profile (WEIP-S). Journal of Management & Organization, 15, 452–469. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1833367200002546.
Jordan, P., & Troth, A. (2004). Managing emotions during team problem solving: Emotional intelligence and conflict resolution. Human Performance, 17, 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1702_4.
Jordan, P. J., Ashkanasy, N. M., Hartel, C. E. J., & Hooper, G. S. (2002). Workgroup emotional intelligence: Scale development and relationship to team process effectiveness and goal focus. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 195–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(02)00046-3.
Jordan, P. J., Ashkanasy, N. M., & Hartel, C. E. J. (2003). The case for emotional intelligence in organizational behavior research. Academy of Management Review, 40, 195–197. https://doi.org/10.2307/30040707.
Jordan, P. J., Dasborough, M. T., Daus, C. S., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2010). A call to context. Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 3, 145–148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2010.01215.x
Joseph, D. L., & Newman, D. A. (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 54–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017286.
Joseph, D. L., Jin, J., Newman, D. A., & O’Boyle, E. H. (2015). Why does self-reported emotional intelligence predict job performance? A meta-analytic investigation of mixed EI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100, 298–342. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037681.
Kenny, D. A., Mannetti, L., Pierro, A., Livi, S., & Kashy, D. A. (2002). The statistical analysis of data from small groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 126–137. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.126
Larson Jr., J. R. (2007). Deep diversity and strong synergy: Modeling the impact of variability in members’ problem-solving strategies on group problem-solving per- formance. Small Group Research, 38, 413–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496407301972.
Lewis, K. (2003). Measuring transactive memory systems in the field: Scale development and validation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 587–604. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.4.587.
Liang, D. W., Moreland, R., & Argote, L. (1995). Group versus individual training and group performance: The mediating factor of transactive memory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 384–393. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167295214009.
Lopez-Zafra, E., Martos, M. P., Berrios Martos, M. P., & Augusto-Landa, J. M. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the work group emotional intelligence profile-short version. Psicothema, 24, 495–502.
Mayer, J., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and EI: Educational implications (pp. 3–34). New York: Basic Books.
Meslec, N., & Curşeu, P. L. (2013). Too close or too far hurts. Small Group Research, 44, 471–497. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496413491988.
Michinov, E. (2007). Validation de l'échelle de mémoire transactive en langue française et adaptation au contexte académique [Validation of a French version of the Transactive Memory Scale and its adaptation to an academic context]. European Review of Applied Psychology / Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée, 57, 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2006.03.001.
Michinov, N., & Michinov, E. (2009). Investigating the relationship between transactive memory and performance in collaborative learning. Learning and Instruction, 19, 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2008.01.003.
Michinov, E., & Juhel, J. (2018). Multilevel influences of team identification and transactive memory on team effectiveness. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 24, 106–120. https://doi.org/10.1108/TPM-05-2017-0021.
Miners, C. T. H., Côté, S., & Lievens, F. (2018). Assessing the validity of emotional intelligence measures. Emotion Review, 10, 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073917693688.
O'Boyle Jr., E. H., Humphrey, R. H., Pollack, J. M., Hawver, T. H., & Story, P. A. (2011). The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 788–818. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.714.
Offermann, L., Bailey, J., Vasilopoulos, N., Seal, C., & Sass, M. (2004). The relative contribution of emotional competence and cognitive ability to individual and team performance. Human Performance, 17, 219–243. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1702_5.
Owen, C. (2014). Human factors challenges in emergency management. Enhancing individual and team performance in fire and emergency. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 185–211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG.
Salovey, P., Mayer, J., Goldman, S., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the trait meta-mood scale. In A. J. W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure, and health (pp. 123–154). New York: Bantam Books.
Schlegel, K., & Mortillaro, M. (2019). The Geneva emotional competence test (GECo): An ability measure of workplace emotional intelligence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(559), 580. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000365.
Schlegel, K., Mehu, M., van Peer, J. M., & Scherer, K. R. (2018). Sense and sensibility: The role of cognitive and emotional intelligence in negotiation. Journal of Research in Personality, 74, 6–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.12.003.
Snyder, M. (1974). The self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 526–537. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037039.
Sy, T., Tram, S., & O’Hara, L. (2006). Relation of employee and manger emotional intelligence to job satisfaction and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 461–473. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.292.
Troth, A., Lawrence, S., Jordan, P., & Ashkanasy, N. (2017). Interpersonal emotion regulation in the workplace: A conceptual and operational review and future research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12144.
Wegner, D. M. (1986). Transactive memory: A contemporary analysis of the group mind. In B. Mullen & G. D. Goethals (Eds.), Theories of group behavior (pp. 185–208). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Wegner, D. M., Erber, R., & Raymond, P. (1991). Transactive memory in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 923–929. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.61.6.923.
Funding
No funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
The two authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Estelle Michinov. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Estelle Michinov and Nicolas Michinov commented on previous versions of the manuscript. The two authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The two authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of institutional and/or national research committees for studies involving human participants, and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Michinov, E., Michinov, N. When emotional intelligence predicts team performance: Further validation of the short version of the Workgroup Emotional Intelligence Profile. Curr Psychol 41, 1323–1336 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00659-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00659-7