Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Authentic leadership and employee job behaviors: The mediating role of relational and organizational identification and the moderating role of LMX

  • Published:
Current Psychology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The current paper aims to explore the effect of authentic leadership on employee job behaviors (e.g. voice and innovation behaviors) through the lens of identification. Specifically, based on data collected from a sample of 201 employees at two points in time and drawing from research on authentic leadership and social identity theory, this study examined how authentic leadership affected employee voice and innovation behavior. We found that relational and organizational identification played a significant chain-mediating role in the relationship between authentic leadership and employee innovation behavior, but not in the relationship between authentic leadership and employee voice. We also found that leader-member exchange (LMX) positively moderated the relationship between authentic leadership and employee relational identification. These findings contribute to research on authentic leadership and identification. The limitations of this study and future directions are also discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ashforth, B. E., Sluss, D. M., & Harrison, S. H. (2007). Socialization in organizational contexts. In G. P. Hodgkinson & J. K. Ford (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 22). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashforth, B. E., Harrison, S. H., & Corley, K. G. (2008). Identification in organizations: An examination of four fundamental questions. Journal of Management, 34(3), 325–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashforth, B. E., Schinoff, B. S., & Rogers, K. M. (2016). “I identify with her,” “I identify with him”: Unpacking the dynamics of personal identification in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 41(1), 28–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Walumbwa, F. O., Luthans, F., & May, D. R. (2004). Unlocking the mask: A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 801–823.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banks, G. C., Mccauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., & Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(4), 634–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blader, S. L., Patil, S., & Packer, D. J. (2017). Organizational identification and workplace behavior: More than meets the eye. Research in Organizational Behavior, 37, 19–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this “we”? Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(1), 83–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carmeli, A., Atwater, L., & Levi, A. (2011). How leadership enhances employees’ knowledge sharing: The intervening roles of relational and organizational identification. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 36(3), 257–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, W., Duan, J., & Tian, X. (2013). Why do not employees voice: A Chinese culture perspective. Advances in Psychological Science (In Chinese), 21(5), 905–913.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ding, X., Li, Q., Zhang, H., Sheng, Z., & Wang, Z. (2017). Linking transformational leadership and work outcomes in temporary organizations: A social identity approach. International Journal of Project Management, 35(4), 543–556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberger, R., Karagonlar, G., Stinglhamber, F., Neves, P., Becker, T. E., Gonzalezmorales, M. G., et al. (2010). Leader-member exchange and affective organizational commitment: The contribution of supervisor's organizational embodiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(6), 1085–1103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellemers, N., De Gilder, D., & Haslam, S. A. (2004). Motivating individuals and groups at work: A social identity perspective on leadership and group performance. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 459–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fast, N. J., Burris, E. R., & Bartel, C. A. (2014). Managing to stay in the dark: Managerial self-efficacy, ego defensiveness, and the aversion to employee voice. Academy of Management Journal, 57(4), 1013–1034.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, J. B., Hester, K., Barnett, T., Frey, L., Relyea, C., & Beu, D. (2006). Perceived external prestige and internal respect: New insights into the organizational identification process. Human Relations, 59(6), 815–846.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guenter, H., Schreurs, B., Emmerik, H. I. V., & Sun, S. (2017). What does it take to break the silence in teams: Authentic leadership and/or proactive followership? Applied Psychology, 66(1), 49–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, Y., & Yang, B. Y. (2011). Authentic leadership, psychological capital and employees’ innovation behavior: The mediating role of leader-member exchange. Management World (In Chinese), 12, 78–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, D. J., Liden, R. C., Glibkowski, B. C., & Chaudhry, A. (2009). LMX differentiation: A multilevel review and examination of its antecedents and outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(4), 517–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirst, G., van Dick, R., & van Knippenberg, D. (2009). A social identity perspective on leadership and employee creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(7), 963–982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultural constraints in management theories. Academy of Management Executive, 7(1), 81–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsiung, H. H. (2012). Authentic leadership and employee voice behavior: A multilevel psychological process. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(3), 349–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ilies, R., Morgeson, F. P., & Nahrgang, J. D. (2005). Authentic leadership and eudaemonic well-being: Understanding leader–follower outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 373–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, S. M., & Luthans, F. (2006). Entrepreneurs as authentic leaders: Impact on employees’ attitudes. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 27(8), 646–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, T. Y., Liu, Z., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2015). Leader-member exchange and job performance: The effects of taking charge and organizational tenure. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 36(2), 216–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreiner, G. E., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Evidence toward an expanded model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(1), 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, E. S., Park, T. Y., & Koo, B. (2015). Identifying organizational identification as a basis for attitudes and behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 141(5), 1049–1080.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lepine, J. A., & Van Dyne, L. (2001). Voice and cooperative behavior as contrasting forms of contextual performance: Evidence of differential relationships with big five personality characteristics and cognitive ability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(2), 326–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liden, R. C., & Graen, G. (1980). Generalizability of the vertical dyad linkage model of leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 23(3), 451–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liden, R. C., Sparrowe, R. T., & Wayne, S. J. (1997). Leader-member exchange theory: The past and potential for the future. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 15, 47–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luthans, F., & Avolio, B. J. (2003). Authentic leadership development. In K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn (Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship. San Francisco: Berrett- Koehler.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madjar, N., Greenberg, E., & Chen, Z. (2011). Factors for radical creativity, incremental creativity and routine, noncreative performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(4), 730–743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mintzberg, H. (1973). The nature of managerial work. New York: Harpercollins College Div.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mussner, T., Strobl, A., Veider, V., & Matzler, K. (2017). The effect of work ethic on employees’ individual innovation behavior. Creativity and Innovation Management, 26(4), 391–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Postmes, T., Spears, R., Lee, A. T., & Novak, R. J. (2005). Individuality and social influence in groups: Inductive and deductive routes to group identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(5), 747–763.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rego, A., Sousa, F., Marques, C., & Cunha, M. P. E. (2012). Authentic leadership promoting employees’ psychological capital and creativity ☆. Journal of Business Research, 65(3), 429–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schuckert, M., Kim, T. T., Paek, S., & Lee, G. (2018). Motivate to innovate: How authentic and transformational leaders influence employees’ psychological capital and service innovation behavior. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(2), 776–796.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schuh, S., Zhang, X. A., Morgeson, F., Tian, P., & Dick, R. V. (2018). Are you really doing good things in your boss’s eyes? Interactive effects of subordinate innovative behavior and leader-member-exchange on supervisor ratings of job performance. Human Resource Management, 57, 397–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: a path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal 37(3), 580–607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sluss, D. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (2007). Relational identity and identification: Defining ourselves through work relationships. Academy of Management Review, 32(1), 9–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sluss, D. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (2008). How relational and organizational identification converge: Processes and conditions. Organization Science, 19(6), 807–823.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sluss, D. M., Ployhart, R. E., Cobb, M. G., & Ashforth, B. E. (2012). Generalizing newcomers' relational and organizational identifications: Processes and prototypicality. Academy of Management Journal, 55(4), 949–975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, A. P., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). Authentic leadership and extra role behavior: A school based integrated model. Current Psychology, 36(134), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swann, W. B., Jetten, J., Gómez, A., Whitehouse, H., & Bastian, B. (2012). When group membership gets personal: A theory of identity fusion. Psychological Review, 119(3), 441–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valsania, S. E., Moriano, J. A., & Molero, F. (2016). Authentic leadership and intrapreneurial behavior: Cross-level analysis of the mediator effect of organizational identification and empowerment. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(1), 131–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van De Ven, A. H., & Huber, G. P. (1990). Longitudinal field research methods for studying processes of organizational change. Organization Science, 1(3), 213–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. (1998). Helping and voice extra role behavior: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Knippenberg, D., Van Knippenberg, B., Cremer, D. D., & Hogg, M. A. (2004). Leadership, self, and identity: A review and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 825–856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walumbwa, F. O., & Hartnell, C. A. (2011). Understanding transformational leadership-employee performance links: The role of relational identification and self-efficacy. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84(1), 153–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walumbwa, F. O., Mayer, D. M., Wang, P., Wang, H., Workman, K., & Christensen, A. L. (2011). Linking ethical leadership to employee performance: the roles of leader–member exchange, self-efficacy, and organizational identification. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 204–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, F. (2018). The effects of authentic leadership on medical staff's job satisfaction: The role of leader identification and emotional intelligence. Psychology Techniques & Applications (in Chinese), 6(2), 79–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J., Yang, J., & Xue, Y. (2017). Subjective well-being, knowledge sharing and individual innovation behavior: The moderating role of absorptive capacity. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 38(8), 1110–1127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, C. A., Laschinger, H., & Cummings, G. G. (2010). Authentic leadership and nurses’ voice behavior and perceptions of care quality. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(8), 889–900.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, C. H., Parker, S. K., & Jong, J. P. J. D. (2014). Need for cognition as an antecedent of individual innovation behavior. Journal of Management, 40(6), 1511–1534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, B. D., Zhao, S. K., Li, C. R., & Lin, C. J. (2017). Authentic leadership and employee creativity: Testing the multilevel mediation model. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 38(3), 482–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Q., & Liu, M. X. (2014). Ethical leadership, organizational identification and employee voice: Examining moderated mediation process in the Chinese insurance industry. Asia Pacific Business Review, 20(2), 231–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Z. G., Yu, C. P., & Li, Y. J. (2016). The relationship among proactive personality, knowledge sharing and employee’s innovation behavior. Management Review (In Chinese), 28(4), 123–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, J., Ma, Y., Cheng, W., & Xia, B. (2014). Mediating role of employee emotions in the relationship between authentic leadership and employee innovation. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 42(8), 1267–1278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China and China Scholarship Council. This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation Project, PRC (grant number 71472094), National Natural Science Youth Fund Project, PRC (grant number 71602139), and the China Scholarship Council Project, PRC (grant number [2016]3100). The authors would like to acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments on our paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qinghong Yuan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Niu, W., Yuan, Q., Qian, S. et al. Authentic leadership and employee job behaviors: The mediating role of relational and organizational identification and the moderating role of LMX. Curr Psychol 37, 982–994 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9937-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9937-0

Keywords

Navigation