Abstract
Counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) refers to a set of negative intentional behaviors that harm organizational outcomes. Despite their consequences, their measurement is a debatable issue. The present study is aimed to validate the Spanish version of one of the most commonly used scales of CWBs, the Workplace Deviance Scale, and to provide further evidence about the reliability and validity of the test scores. Four hundred and thirty-two employees from different organizations participated in the study. They completed a self-report questionnaire with the measures of interest (sociodemographic data, the Workplace Deviance Scale, and scales of organizational citizenship behavior, organizational justice, integrity, and conscientiousness). Descriptive, exploratory structural equation modeling and correlational analyses were performed. Results have shown that the internal structure does not fully reproduce the original one, but the two theoretically expected factors remain. Furthermore, the pattern of associations is barely influenced by the scoring scheme used (factor vs. observed scores), and the associations with other constructs are in line with previous research. On the whole, this study contributes to the analysis of the dimensionality of CWBs, at least in Western countries.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the Spanish National Plan for R&D, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PSI2013-44854-R project) for support that, in part, assisted the composition of this article.
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Appendix
Appendix
Spanish translation of the Workplace Deviance Scale.
A continuación encontrará una serie de comportamientos. Por favor, para cada uno de ellos indique, de acuerdo con la siguiente escala, con qué frecuencia los ha realizado en el último año:
1- Nunca.
2- Una vez al año.
3- Dos veces al año.
4- Varias veces al año.
5- Mensualmente.
6- Semanalmente.
7- A diario.
1. Ocuparse de un asunto personal en lugar de hacer su trabajo.
2. Llevarse algún bien de la empresa sin permiso.
3. Pasar demasiado tiempo fantaseando o soñando despierto en lugar de trabajar.
4. Burlarse de alguien en el trabajo.
5. Falsificar un recibo para que le devuelvan más dinero del que gastó en algún asunto de la empresa.
6. Decir algo hiriente a alguien en el trabajo.
7. Hacer una pausa más larga o más pausas de las que son aceptables en su trabajo.
8. Hacer una broma de tipo étnico, religioso o racial en el trabajo.
9. Llegar tarde al trabajo sin permiso.
10. Tener desordenado su lugar de trabajo.
11. Insultar a alguien en el trabajo.
12. Hablar mal de su empresa a alguien.
13. Perder los nervios en el trabajo.
14. Desobedecer las instrucciones de su jefe.
15. Trabajar intencionalmente más despacio de lo que podría hacerlo.
16. Hablar de información confidencial de la empresa con una persona no autorizada.
17. Irse temprano del trabajo sin permiso.
18. Gastar una broma pesada a alguien en el trabajo.
19. Dejar su trabajo inacabado para que lo termine otra persona.
20. Ser grosero con alguien en el trabajo.
21. Consumir drogas o alcohol en el trabajo.
22. Esforzarse poco en su trabajo.
23. Avergonzar públicamente a alguien en el trabajo.
24. Dejar trabajo pendiente para conseguir horas extra.
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Fernández del Río, E., Barrada, J.R. & Ramos-Villagrasa, P.J. Bad Behaviors at Work: Spanish Adaptation of the Workplace Deviance Scale. Curr Psychol 40, 1660–1671 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0087-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0087-1