Skip to main content
Log in

Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation Indirectly Predict Support for New York City’s Stop-&-Frisk Policy Through Prejudice

  • Published:
Current Psychology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Until very recently, the New York City Police Department’s Stop, Question, and Frisk policy (i.e., Stop-&-Frisk) allowed NYPD officers to legally stop and detain New Yorkers under the suspicion that they may be involved in criminal activity. Previous research found that New Yorkers’ attitudes toward Stop-&-Frisk were generally mixed, and the current study tested whether authoritarianism, preferences for inequality, and prejudice predicted support for Stop-&-Frisk. One hundred forty-eight New York City college students reported their levels of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), prejudice, and support for the NYPD’s Stop-&-Frisk policy. Both RWA and SDO had indirect effects through prejudice on support for Stop-&-Frisk. Limits and possible future developments of this research are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. for 2003–2013

References

  • Altemeyer, B. (1988). Enemies of freedom: Understanding right-wing authoritarianism. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altemeyer, B. (1998). The other ‘authoritarian personality’. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 30, pp. 47–92). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altemeyer, B. (2004). Highly dominating, highly authoritarian personalities. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 421–447. doi:10.3200/SOCP.144.4.421-448.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, A. (2012). New York police release data showing rise in number of stops on streets. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

  • Biernat, M., & Crandall, C. S. (1999). Racial attitudes. In J. P. Robinson, P. Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of political attitudes (pp. 297–411). New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosman, J., Schwartz, J., & Kovaleski, S.F. (2014) A youth, an officer, and 2 paths to a fatal encounter. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

  • Bostock, M., & Fessenden, F. (2014). ‘Stop-and-Frisk’ is all but gone from New York. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

  • Burkard, A. W., Jones, J. A., & Johll, M. P. (2002). Hierarchical factor analysis of the Quick Discrimination Index. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62, 64–78. doi:10.1177/0013164402062001005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantal, C., Milfont, T. L., Wilson, M. S., & Gouveia, V. V. (2015). Differential effects of right‐wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation on dimensions of generalized prejudice in Brazil. European Journal of Personality, 29, 17–27. doi:10.1002/per.1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Correll, J., Park, B., Judd, C. M., & Wittenbrink, B. (2002). The police officer’s dilemma: using ethnicity to disambiguate potentially threatening individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1314–1329. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1314.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Correll, J., Wittenbrink, B., Park, B., Judd, C. M., & Goyle, A. (2011). Dangerous enough: moderating racial bias with contextual threat cues. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 184–189. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.08.017.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Duckitt, J. (2001). A dual-process cognitive-motivational theory of ideology and prejudice. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 33, pp. 41–113). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duckitt, J. (2006). Differential effects of right wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation on outgroup attitudes and their mediation by threat from and competitiveness to outgroups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 684–696. doi:10.1177/0146167205284282.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duckitt, J., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). Personality, ideology, prejudice, and politics: a dual-process motivational model. Journal of Personality, 78, 1861–1893. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00672.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duckitt, J., Wagner, C., du Plessis, I., & Birum, I. (2002). The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: testing a dual process model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 75–93. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekehammar, B., Akrami, N., Gylje, M., & Zakrisson, I. (2004). What matters most to prejudice: big five personality, social dominance orientation, or right-wing authoritarianism? European Journal of Personality, 18, 463–482. doi:10.1002/per.526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Floyd, D., Clarkson, L., Dennis, D., & Ourlicht, D. v. New York City, 08 Civ. 1034 SAS (2013)

  • Gilliam, F. D., Jr., & Iyengar, S. (2000). Prime suspects: the influence of local television news on the viewing public. American Journal of Political Science, 44(3), 560–573. doi:10.2307/2669264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J. (2014). ‘Stop-and-Frisk’ ebbs, but still hangs over Brooklyn lives. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

  • Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76, 408–420. doi:10.1080/03637750903310360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 61–83. doi:10.1017/S0140525X0999152X.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kteily, N. S., Sidanius, J., & Levin, S. (2011). Social dominance orientation: cause or ‘mere effect’? Evidence for SDO as a causal predictor of prejudice and discrimination against ethnic and racial outgroups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 208–214. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.09.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McConahay, J. B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 91–125). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFarland, S. (1998). Toward a typology of prejudiced persons. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, Montreal, Canada.

  • McFarland, S. G., & Adelson, S. (1996). An omnibus study of personality, values, and prejudice. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Political Psychology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

  • McGarrell, E. F., Giacomazzi, A. L., & Thurman, Q. C. (1997). Neighborhood disorder, integration, and the fear of crime. Justice Quarterly, 14(3), 479–500. doi:10.1080/07418829700093441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • New York Times (2012). New Yorkers’ views of the mayor and the police. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

  • New York Civil Liberties Union. (2014). Stop-and-Frisk data. Retrieved from http://www.nyclu.org/content/stop-and-frisk-data

  • Nicol, A. M., & Rounding, K. (2013). Alienation and empathy as mediators of the relationship between Social Dominance Orientation, Right-Wing Authoritarianism and expressions of racism and sexism. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 294–299. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, J. E., & Bourgeois, M. J. (2006). Perceptions of police use of deadly force. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 161–177. doi:10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00056.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ponterotto, J. G., Burkard, A., Rieger, B. P., Grieger, I., D’Onofrio, A., Dubuisson, A., & Sax, G. (1995). Development and initial validation of the Quick Discrimination Index (QDI). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55, 1016–1031. doi:10.1177/0013164495055006011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: a personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 741–763. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.741.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rios, K. (2013). Right-wing authoritarianism predicts prejudice against “homosexuals” but not “gay men and lesbians.”. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(6), 1177–1183. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.05.013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sidanius, J., Liu, J. H., Shaw, J. S., & Pratto, F. (1994). Social dominance orientation, hierarchy attenuators and hierarchy enhancers: social dominance theory and the criminal justice system. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 338–366. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00586.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, M. P., Cohrs, J. C., & Goritz, A. S. (2008). The police officer’s terrorist dilemma: trust resilience following fatal errors. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 947–964. doi:10.1002/ejsp.488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitley, B. E., Jr. (1999). Right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 126–134. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitley, B. E., Jr., & Lee, S. E. (2000). The relationship of authoritarianism and related constructs to attitudes toward homosexuality. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 144–170. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02309.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Sheenelle Calliste, Josephine Ngo, and Dominique Toms for their assistance with data collection.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Benjamin A. Saunders.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(DOCX 14 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Saunders, B.A., Kelly, E., Cohen, N.P. et al. Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation Indirectly Predict Support for New York City’s Stop-&-Frisk Policy Through Prejudice. Curr Psychol 35, 92–98 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-015-9364-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-015-9364-4

Keywords

Navigation