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DPRK Troop Dispatches and Military Support in the Middle East: Change from Military Support to Arms Trade in the 1970s

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Abstract

The DPRK now trades in arms with the Middle East. However, in the October War (1973) the DPRK first began military cooperation with the Middle East by sending troops and providing unrequited military support. This switch was made to win support within the UN from these Middle Eastern countries, and so to counteract the US presence in the UN. Failing this, the DPRK withdrew from the UN in 1976. The DPRK then turned to arms trading both to build up its foreign currency reserves and to help liberate developing countries from US control.

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Notes

  1. Introduced in a South Korean publication in the year following the dispatch of troops [8], p. 348).

  2. This book was published three months before the death of KIM Il Sung (July 1994); the participation of North Korean air forces in the October War was publicized during the life of KIM Il Sung.

  3. After the 1970s, Kim Il-Sung did not even use the term “Communist bloc”. This indicates that he had abandoned the China-USSR alignment. However, he continued to claim “solidarity among the Communist states,” and thus DPRK maintained bilateral ties with each of them, including China and the Soviet Union.

  4. At that time, however, I think that officials of DPRK would not have been satisfied with China’s rapprochement because Kim Deok Hyeon who was the deputy head of the North Korean delegation commented "the great powers make victims of the small countries for their own sake" about the rapprochement in a Preliminary Meeting between North and South Korea on November 20, 1971[4].

  5. Five years earlier, on January 4, 1967, Kim Il-Sung said, “The UN does not hold any qualification to interfere in issues on the Korean peninsula. What’s worse, the UN is exploited to justify the invasion of US imperialists into our territory” [14], p.6).

  6. Egypt and Syria were not included in the 13 states.

  7. On the activities of the representatives during their visit to Egypt, see articles in the Rodong Sinmun from March 4 to 9, 1973. A DPRK-Egypt joint communiqué, presented on March 6, endorsed the DPRK’s stance on Korean unification and specified that Egypt had submitted a request to discuss Korean peninsula issues to the UN [56].

  8. On what Shazly did during his visit to the DPRK, see articles in the Rodong Sinmun from April 7 to 16, 1973.

  9. KIM Il Sung said that if the members of the non-aligned movement supported the DPRK in the UN General Assembly, a resolution reflecting the DPRK’s demand could be passed [18], pp.292-293).

  10. The Liberation Front of Mozambique is better known by the acronym FRELIMO, from the Portuguese Frente de Libertação de Moçambique.

  11. On what President Assad did during his visit to the DPRK, see articles in the Rodong Sinmun from September 29 to October 3, 1974.

  12. Originally it was said that the Soviet Union gave Scud missiles to the DPRK. The Ministry of National Defense in South Korea insisted in its defense white papers until 1994 that the Soviet Union gave Scuds to the DPRK. However, they began in 1995 to insist that Egypt gave the Scud missiles to the DPRK [48], p.63). It is not known to the author when this view was changed, but it had already been introduced in an article published in South Korea in 1989 [39], p.7). The author was not able to confirm the study based on DPRK and Egyptian documents.

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Acknowledgement

I would like to express my appreciation to Dr. Takayuki Yokota, an associate professor at the Nihon University College of International Relations, and Mr. Hiroshi Takazawa, a research assistant at the Japan Institute of International Affairs (JIIA), for their assistance in writing this paper.

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  1. General Research Institute, Seigakuin University, Room No. 3107, Seigakuin University General Research Institute 1-1 Tosaki, Ageo-shi, Saitama-ken, 362-8585, Japan

    Satoru Miyamoto

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Miyamoto, S. DPRK Troop Dispatches and Military Support in the Middle East: Change from Military Support to Arms Trade in the 1970s. East Asia 27, 345–359 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12140-010-9119-7

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