Abstract
The present paper focuses on the stances and repertoires of 30 Greek-Cypriot students with whom semi-structured, in-depth interviews were carried out about their feelings and perceptions of migrants and migrant children in Cyprus. As it is shown, stances are not the only key factor in the creation and reproduction of racial and ethnic categories; repertoires are also entangled with stances and can be broadly differentiated, highlighting the complex ways in which children and adolescents portray migrants and contribute to formulating the context of migrants’ reception in society. In addition, the diverse experiences of direct or no contact with migrants are entangled with perceptions of migrants as a whole and contribute to the reproduction of certain behavioural stances. Based on the analysis of students’ stances and repertoires, we discuss educational policies and practices that facilitate a better integration of migrant children in schools.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Pity and indifference are grouped together, because they constitute the main expression of ‘ambivalent’ students. Almost all ambivalent students express both pity and indifference at some point in their talk about migrants and migrant children.
However, it is remarkable to note that none of the students who took part in the study, including those with negative stances, had anything negative to say about their female domestic worker. Perhaps, the daily contact and interdependence that is formed between them encourages a positive stance and prevents feelings of dislike or hatred. Regardless of their overall stance, students who have female domestic workers at home generally say that they know them well (apart from a few exceptions) and feel comfortable with them.
References
Banks, J. (2006). Cultural diversity and education—foundations, curriculum and teaching. Boston: Pearson Education.
Bekerman, Z., Zembylas, M., & McGlynn, C. (2009). Working towards the de-essentialization of identity categories in conflict and post-conflict societies: Israel, Cyprus, and Northern Ireland. Comparative Education Review, 53(2), 213–234.
Berg, B. L. (2004). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Boston: Pearson.
Cole, J. (1997). The new racism in Europe: a Sicilian ethnography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Commission for Educational Reform. (2004). Democratic and humanistic education in the Euro-Cypriot state [Demokratiki kai anthropini paideia stin evrokipriaki politeia]. Nicosia: Ministry of Education and Culture.
Connolly, P. (1998). Racism, gender identities and young children. London: Routledge.
Connolly, P. (2001). Qualitative methods in the study of children’s racial attitudes and identities. Infant and Child Development, 10, 219–233.
European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). Third report on Cyprus, adopted on 16 December 2005, 16 May 2006. CRI(2006)17. Online. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/46efa2dbd.html [accessed November 25, 2010]
Devine, D., Kenny, M., & Macneela, E. (2008). Naming the “other”: Children’s construction and experience of racisms in Irish primary schools. Race Ethnicity and Education, 11(4), 369–385.
Edley, N. (2001). Analysing masculinity: interpretative repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor, & S. Yates (Eds.), Discourse as data: A guide for analysis (pp. 189–228). London: Sage.
Erickson, F. (1986). Qualitative methods in research on teaching. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (pp. 119–161). New York: Macmillan.
Fish, S. (1997). Boutique multiculturalism, or why liberals are incapable of thinking about hate speech. Critical Inquiry, 23(2), 378–395.
Gillborn, D. (2008). Racism and education: Coincidence or conspiracy. London: Routledge.
Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
May, S. (Ed.). (1999). Critical multiculturalism: Rethinking multicultural and antiracist education. London: Routledge Falmer.
McGlynn, C. (2008). Leading integrated schools: a study of multicultural perspectives of Northern Irish principals. Journal of Peace Education, 5(1), 3–16.
Nieto, S. (1996). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education. New York: Longman.
Panayiotopoulos, C., & Nicolaidou, M. (2007). At a crossroads of civilizations: multicultural educational provision in Cyprus through the lens of a case study. Intercultural Education, 18(1), 65–79.
Papamichael, E. (2008). Greek-Cypriot teachers’ understandings of intercultural education in an increasingly diverse society’. The Cyprus Review, 20(2), 51–78.
Pellegrini, L. (2010). Young children’s perspectives on immigration within the Italian school context: An analysis of the identification level of integration. European Journal of Teacher Education, 33(2), 113–125.
Philippou, S. (2009). Greek-Cypriot pupils’ representations of national others: A study of the impact of ‘Europe’ in a primary school curricula intervention. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies, 14(2), 117–160.
Phoenix, A. (2010). Ethnicities. In M. Wetherell & C. Talpade Mohanty (Eds.), The Sage book of identities (pp. 297–320). London: Sage.
Potter, J., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Discourse and social psychology: Beyond attitudes and behaviour. London: Sage.
Raijman, R. (2010). Citizenship status, ethno-national origin and entitlement to rights: Majority attitudes towards minorities and immigrants in Israel. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(1), 87–106.
Spyrou, S. (2009). Between intimacy and intolerance: Greek Cypriot children’s encounters with Asian domestic workers. Childhood, 16, 155–173.
Statistical Service of the Republic of Cyprus. (2008). Demographic report. Nicosia: Printing Office of the Republic of Cyprus.
Theodorou, E. (2011a). “Children at our school are integrated. No-one sticks out”: Greek Cypriot teachers’ perceptions of integration of immigrant children in Cyprus. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education
Theodorou, E. (2011b). I’ll race you to the top: Othering from within—attitudes among Pontian children in Cyprus towards other immigrant classmates. Childhood
Theodorou, E. (2011c). Living (in) class: Contexts of immigrant lives and the movements of children with-in them. Anthropology and Education Quarterly
Trimikliniotis, N. (2004). Institutional discrimination in Cyprus, Work Package 4, The European dilemma: Institutional patterns and the politics of racial discrimination, Research Project Xenophob, available at http://www.multietn.uu.se/the_european_dilemma/ [accessed March 1, 2011]
Trimikliniotis, N., & Demetriou, C. (2007). RAXEN national data collection report. Nicosia: Cyprus.
Trimikliniotis, N., & Demetriou, C. (2009). The Cypriot Roma and the failure of education: Anti-discrimination and multiculturalism as a post-accession challenge. In N. Coureas & A. Varnava (Eds.), The minorities of Cyprus: Development patterns and the identity of the internal-exclusion (pp. 241–264). Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Troyna, B., & Hatcher, R. (1992). Racism in children’s lives: A study of mainly-white primary schools. London: Routledge.
Van Ausdale, D., & Feagin, J. (2001). The first R: How children learn race and racism. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
Wetherell, M. (1996). Group conflict and the social psychology of racism. In M. Wetherell (Ed.), Identities, groups and social issues (pp. 175–234). London: Sage.
Wetherell, M., & Potter, J. (1992). Mapping the language of racism: Discourse and the legitimization of exploitation. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Zembylas, M. (2008). The politics of trauma in education. New York: Palgrave, MacMillan.
Zembylas, M. (2010a). Critical discourse analysis of multiculturalism and intercultural education policies in the Republic of Cyprus. The Cyprus Review, 22(1), 39–59.
Zembylas, M. (2010b). Children’s construction and experience of racism and nationalism in Greek-Cypriot primary schools. Childhood, 17(3), 312–328.
Zembylas, M. & Lesta, S. (2010). Research report: Greek-Cypriot students’ views of immigrants. CARDET: Nicosia, Cyprus
Zembylas, M., Michaelidou, A., & Afantitou-Lambrianou, T. (2010). Greek-Cypriot adolescent attitudes towards immigrants and ‘enemy-others’ in the context of an ethnic conflict. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies, 15(1), 5–39.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge that the present research study was coordinated by CARDET (www.cardet.org) which was awarded a Solidarity Funds grant by the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Cyprus. The views expressed here are solely those of the authors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zembylas, M., Lesta, S. Greek-Cypriot Students’ Stances and Repertoires Towards Migrants and Migrant Students in the Republic of Cyprus. Int. Migration & Integration 12, 475–494 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-011-0188-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-011-0188-2