Skip to main content
Log in

Social Capital and Trust in Slum Areas: the Case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Published:
Urban Forum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study explores how social capital and socioeconomic variations in slum areas influence the fostering of social trust and confidence in the institutions. Through a multivariate analysis using 497 households in slum areas of Addis Ababa, the paper investigates how social capital dimensions and human and economic characteristics of the households are related to social trust and confidence in the institutions. It is shown that social trust and confidence in institutions are highly associated with increased participation in local associations and pattern of reciprocity among inhabitants. These findings provide qualified support for the systemic model of local social organization but challenge theories of social disorganization that predict lower levels of social capital in impoverished communities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S.-W. (2002). Social capital: prospects for a new concept. The Academy of Management Review, 27, 17–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baland, J.-M., & Platteau, J.-P. (1997). Wealth inequality and efficiency in the commons: part I: the unregulated case. Oxford Economic Papers, 49, 451–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berner, E. (1997). Defending the city: localities and the struggle for urban land in Metro Manila. Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berner, E., & Korff, R. (1995). Globalization and local resistance: the creation of localities in Manila and Bangkok. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 19(2), 208–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (Ed.). (1986). The forms of capital. New York: Greenwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bridger, J. C., & Alter, T. R. (2003). Place, community development, and social capital. New York: Ithaca. Paper presented at the meeting of the Community Development Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bursik, R. J. (1988). Social disorganization and theory of crime and delinquency: problems and prospects. Criminology, 519–551.

  • Burt, R. (1992). Structural holes: the social structure of competition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R. (1997). The contingent value of social capital. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 339–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R. (1998). The gender of social capital. Rationality and Society, 10, 5–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R. (2000). The network structure of social capital. In R. I. Sutton & B. M. Straw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior. Greenwich: JAI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R. (2001). Structural holes versus network closure as social capital. In R. Burt (Ed.), Social capital: theory and research. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, D. (1971). The attraction paradigm. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. (1987). Norms as social capital. In G. Radnitzky & P. Bernholz (Eds.), Economic imperialism: the economic approach outside the field of economics. New York: Paragon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. (1988). Social capital in creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology. Supplementary: 94, S95–S120.

  • Coleman, J. (1990). Foundation of social theory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • CSA. (2007). Population and housing census report—Addis Ababa region. Addis Ababa: Central Statistics Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta, P., & Serageldin, I. (Eds.). (1999). Social capital: a multifaceted perspective. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dejene, A. (2001). NGOs and self-help organizations in Addis Ababa: the case of Ider. Paper presented at the workshop on self-help initiative in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.

  • Ejigu, A. G. (2014). History, modernity, and the making of an African spatiality: Addis Ababa in perspective. Urban Forum, 25, 267–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: the social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78.

  • Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure. American Journal of Sociology, 91, 481–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grootaert, G. (1999). Social capital, houshold welfare and poverty in Indonesia: local level insititutions study. Working paper No. 6. Social Development Department. World Bank.

  • Kornhauser, R. (1978). Social sources of delinquency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumlin, S., & Rothstein, B. (2005). Making and breaking social capital. Comparative Political Studies, 38(4), 339–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, N. (1999). Social networks and status attainment. Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 467–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luhmann, N. (2000). Familiarity, confidence, trust: problems and alternatives. In D. Gambetta (ed), Trust: making and breaking cooperative relations, electronic edition. Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, http://www.sociology.ox.ac.uk/papers/luhmann94-107.pdf.

  • McPherson, J. M., & Smith-Lovin, L. (1982). Women and weak ties: sex differences in the size of voluntary associations. American Journal of Sociology, 87, 883–904.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan, D. (1999). Bond and bridges: social capital and poverty. Washington, DC.: World Bank, Working Paper No. 2167.

  • Pankhurst, R. (1961). Menelik and the foundation of Addis Ababa. Journal of African History, 1, 103–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parisi, D., Grice, M. S., Taquino, M., & Gill, A. D. (2002). Building capacity for community efficacy for economic development in Mississippi. Journal of the Community Development Society, 33(2), 19–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pender, J., & Scherr, S. J. (1999). Organizational Development and Natural Resource Management. Policy Research Institute. (Series: EPTD Discussion Paper) (Working Paper) http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/documents/dir0/00/00/04/67/

  • Portes, A., & Sensenbrenner, J. (1993). Embeddedness and immigration: notes on the social determinants of economic action. American Journal of Sociology, 98, 1320–1350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D. (1995). Commenton the Institutional and Governance of Economic Development and Reform. pp. 198–200. in World Bank annula conference on Development Economics, 1994. edited by Bruno and Pleskovic, B. Washington D. C. World Bank.

  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community. New York: The Brookings Institution.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D., Leonardi, R., & Nanetti, R. (1993). Making democracy work: civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richard, P., & Roberts, B. (1998). Social network, social capital, popular organizations, and urban poverty. Research note presented at the seminar on urban poverty sponsored by ALOP and The World Bank, Rio de Janeiro, May 14–16.

  • Sampson, R. J. (1988). Local friendship ties and community attachment in mass society: a multilevel systematic model. American Sociological Review, 53, 766–779.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, D. J., & Earls, F. (1999). Beyond social capital: spatial dynamics of collective efficacy for children. American Sociological Review, 64, 633–660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samson, K. (2004). Social capital for synergic partnership: development of slum areas in urban Ethiopia. Gottingen: Cuvillier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schilderman, T. (Ed.). (2002). Strengthening the knowledge and information systems of the urban poor. Rugby: ITDG.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegrist, M., Earle, T. C., & Gutscher, H. (2003). Test of a trust and confidence model in the applied context of electromagnetic field (EMF) risks. Risk Analysis, 23(4), 705–716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stolle, D. (1998). Bowling together, bowling alone: the development of generalized trust in voluntary associations. Political Psychology, 19(3), 497–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swaroop, S., & Morenoff, D.J. (2004). Building community: the neighborhood context of local social organization. University of Michigan: Population Study Center, The Institute for Social Research

  • Tirfe, M. (1999). The paradox of African poverty: the role of indigenous knowledge, traditional practices and local institutions—the case of Ethiopia. Asmara: Red Sea.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNFPA. (2008). Summary and statistical report of the 2007 population and housing census of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Census Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uslaner, E.M. (2002). Trust and social bonds: faith in others and policy outcomes reconsidered. Political Research Quarterly, 57(3), 501–507.

  • Woolcock, M., & Nayaran, D. (2000). Social capital: implications for development theory, research and policy. World Bank Research Observer, 15(2), 225–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamagishi, T. (1998). The structure of trust: the evolutionary game of mind and society. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Samson Kassahun.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kassahun, S. Social Capital and Trust in Slum Areas: the Case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Urban Forum 26, 171–185 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-014-9235-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-014-9235-3

Keywords

Navigation