References
Ajayi, I., 2001: What Africa needs to do to benefit from globalization. Finance and Development, 38(4), 6.
Beaverstock, J. and Taylor, P., 1999: A roster of world cities. Cities, 16(6), 445–458.
Beaverstock, J., Smith, R. and Taylor, P., 2000: Geographies of Globalization: United States law firms in world cities. Urban Geography, 21(2), 95–120.
Beaverstock, J., Smith, R., Taylor, P., Walker, D. and Lorimer, H., 2000: Globalization and world cities: some measurement methodologies. Applied Geography, 20(1), 43–63.
Castells, M., 1996: The Rise of Network Society. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Doel, M. and Hubbard, P., 2002: Taking world cities literally: Marketing the city in a global space of flows. City, 6(3), 351–368.
Douglas, M., 2000: Mega-urban Regions and World City Formation: Globalisation, the Economic Crisis and Urban Policy Issues in Pacific Asia. Urban Studies, 37(12), 2315–2339.
Friedmann, J., 1986: The World City Hypothesis. Development and Change, 17(1), 69–84.
Friedmann, J. and Wolff, G., 1982: World city formation: and agenda for research and action. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 6(3), 309–344.
Hall, P., 1966: The world cities. London: Heinemann.
Lo, F-C. and Marcotullio, P., 2000: Globalisations and Urban Transformations in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Review. Urban Studies, 37(1), 77–111.
North, D., 1990: Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Sassen, S., 1991: The global city. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Sassen, S., 1994: Cities in a world economy. London: Pine Forge Press.
Sassen, S., 2002: Locating cities on global circuits. Environment and Urbanization, 14(1), 13–30.
Scott, A., (ed) 2001: Global City-Regions: Trends, Theory, Policy. London: Oxford University Press.
Short, J. and Kim, Y., 1999: Globalization and the City. New York: Longman.
Short, J., Kim, Y., Kuus, M. and Wells, H., 1996: The dirty little secret of world cities research: Data problems in comparative analysis. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 20(4), 697–718.
Smith, R., 2003: World city actor-networks. Progress in Human Geography, 27(1), 25–45.
Stock, R., 1995: Africa South of the Sahara. New York: Guilford Press.
Taylor, P., 1997: Hierarchical tendencies amongst world cities: a global research proposal. Cities, 14(6) 323–332.
Taylor, P., 2001: Specification of the World City Network, Geographical Analysis, 33(2) 181–194.
Taylor, P., Walker, D., Catalano, G. and Hoyler, M., 2002: Diversity and power in the world city network. Cities, 19(4), 231–241.
Thrift, N., 1994: Globalization, regulation, urbanization: The case of the Netherlands. Urban Studies, 31(3), 365–380.
University of Loughborough, http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc, 26 May 2003.
Van Vliet, W., 2002: Cities in a globalizing world: from engines of growth to agents of change. Environment & Urbanization, 14(1), 31–40.
World Bank, http://www.worldbank.org/data, 22 August 2003.
Yusuf, S. and Wu, W., 2002: Pathways to a World City: Shanghai Rising in an Era of Globalisation. Urban Studies, 39(7), 1213–1241.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
van der Merwe, I.J. The global cities of Sub-Saharan Africa: Fact or fiction?. Urban Forum 15, 36–47 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-004-0008-2
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-004-0008-2