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Cross-Cultural Validation of Igbo Version of the Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

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Abstract

To cross-culturally adapt and validate the original English version of the Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International (SFES-I) to the Igbo culture and environment. The study was a cross-cultural adaptation and validation study that employed the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. The SFES-I was translated, adapted and validated. The English (E-SFES-I) and Igbo (I-SFES-I) versions of the SFES-I, and the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale were administered to purposively recruited 109 consenting older adult residents (53.2% females; mean age = 73.75 ± 7.63 years) of Nnewi community, South-east Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and graphs were used to summarize participants’ socio-demographic and questionnaire data. Mann Whitney-U test, Spearman rank order test, principal component analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were used to analyze data at alpha level of 0.05. All the seven items on the E-SFES-I were retained on the I-SFES-I. There was no significant difference between the scores on the E-SFES-I and the I-SFES-I (p > 0.05). The I-SFES-I showed evidence of excellent known-group validity (ρ = 0.96–1.00) in all the item and total scores. The I-SFES-I also demonstrated excellent convergent validity (rho = 0.93) and internal consistency (α = 0.96). The I-SFES-I is a valid and reliable fear of falling tool, and can be used as an outcome measure for Igbo-speaking older adults.

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Availability of Data and Materials

The dataset used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra State, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Nigeria

    Emmanuel Chiebuka Okoye, Christopher Olusanjo Akosile, Fatai Adesina Maruf, Ifeoma Uchenna Onwuakagba, Vivian Onyinye Ofojiha & Kenneth Umezulike Ani

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  1. Emmanuel Chiebuka Okoye
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. ‘ECO reviewed literature, collected and analysed data and prepared the manuscript. COA and FAM participated in manuscript preparation. VOO participated in literature review and data collection. KUA participated in manuscript writing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.’

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Correspondence to Emmanuel Chiebuka Okoye.

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An ethical review board approved this study. Informed consent was obtained from the participants prior to data collection.

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Key Points

• Fear of falling (FoF) is a serious problem that needs regular screening among older adults.

• A culturally-friendly FoF scale had been made available for use in a developing country.

• A short, less burdensome and more acceptable FoF scale has been made available for use in a developing country.

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Okoye, E.C., Akosile, C.O., Maruf, F.A. et al. Cross-Cultural Validation of Igbo Version of the Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Ageing Int 48, 855–871 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-022-09505-6

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