Abstract
The sense of belonging can be defined as a highly subjective and dynamic feeling of acceptance, inclusion, and connectedness to a specific contextual entity. Perceiving belongingness to others is positively related to psychological well-being, happiness, or higher self-esteem. The present contribution examined how the sense of belonging to spatial, social, and cultural entities evolves over the migration process of Portuguese first-generation migrants and their second-generation offspring residing in Luxembourg. The current study drew on the qualitative content analysis of ten semi-structured interviews, carried out with ten Portuguese migrant family dyads (one parent and one adult child per dyad). The results affirmed that the sense of belonging showed to be a complex and multi-faceted concept and highly shaped by specific contexts. The initially unfamiliar Luxembourgish context became a familiar setting and even a “home” over time. While the older generation presented noticeable belongingness to Luxembourg as a homeland, their affiliation to the Luxembourgish community and culture remained rather low. Simultaneously, they preserved a high connectedness to the Portuguese culture as well as to fellow Portuguese migrants living in the Grand Duchy. The younger generation expressed a much more pronounced attachment to Luxembourg, since they perceived belongingness to the Luxembourgish spatial, social, and (multi)cultural milieu. In addition to this, a certain affiliation to the Portuguese culture and language could be discerned. Although some factors, which might have contributed to this evolution, could be identified in the present study, one can assume that there are significantly more that have not been addressed yet.
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Notes
Ten Luxembourgish family dyads were also interviewed in the context of the IRMA project, which was not taken into account for the present article.
The interview excerpts and citations have been translated to English by the first author for the present article.
The interviews were conducted by the second author of the present article.
The interviews were transcribed by the first and the second author, as well as the student assistants involved in this project.
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Acknowledgements
This manuscript is part of the IRMA project funded by a grant from the Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg (C12/SC/4009630/IRMA/Albert—Intergenerational Relations in the Light of Migration and Ageing, PI: Dr. Isabelle Albert). The findings reported here are part of the master thesis of the first author in the Master of Science in Psychology: Psychological Intervention at the University of Luxembourg. Special thanks go to all student assistants and participants for their invaluable help with data collection. We are grateful to Dieter Ferring (1958-2017) as project supervisor and to Jaan Valsiner as mentor of the IRMA project.
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Appendix A
Appendix A
Sociodemographic and migration variables: gender, age, nationality, and years spent in Luxembourg
Dyad number | Gender | Age | Nationality | Country of birth | Years in LU | Age when arriving in LU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | M—D | 66–45 | PT—PT LU | PT–PT | 40—40 | 26–5 |
2 | F—D | 49—24 | PT—PT/LU | PT-LUX | 30—* | 19—* |
3 | M—D | 57—24 | PT–PT | PT–PT | 12—12 | 45—12 |
4 | M—D | 59—36 | PT–PT | PT–PT | 25—25 | 34—11 |
5 | M—D | 53—29 | PT–PT | PT–PT | 15—17 | 38—12 |
6 | F—D | 57—28 | PT—PT/LU | PT-LUX | 37—* | 20—* |
7 | M—D | 51—24 | PT—PT/LU | PT-LUX | 30—* | 21—* |
8 | F—D | 58—35 | PT—LU | PT-LUX | 36—* | 22—* |
9 | M—D | 45—22 | PT—PT/LU | PT—LUX | 23—* | 22—* |
10 | M—S | 49—25 | PT—PT/LU | PT-LUX | 29—* | 20—* |
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Afonso, J.D., Barros, S. & Albert, I. The Sense of Belonging in the Context of Migration: Development and Trajectories Regarding Portuguese Migrants in Luxembourg. Integr. psych. behav. 57, 518–546 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-022-09721-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-022-09721-4