Abstract
There is a growing number of new digital technologies mediating the experiences of grief and the continuing bonds between the bereaved and their loved ones following death. One of the most recent technological developments is the “griefbot”. Based on the digital footprint of the deceased, griefbots allow two-way communication between mourners and the digital version of the dead through a conversational interface or chat. This paper explores the mediational role that griefbots might have in the grieving process vis-à-vis that of other digital technologies, such as social media services or digital memorials on the Internet. After briefly reviewing the new possibilities offered by the Internet in the way people relate with the dead, we delve into the particularities of griefbots, focusing on the two-way communication afforded by this technology and the sense of simulation derived from the virtual interaction between the living and the dead. Discussion leads us to emphasize that, while both the Internet and griefbots bring about a significant spatial and temporal expansion to the grief experience –affording a more direct way to communicate with the dead anywhere and at any time– they differ in that, unlike the socially shared virtual space between mourners and loved ones in most digital memorials, griefbots imply a private conversational space between the mourner and the deceased person. The paper concludes by pointing to some ethical issues that griefbots, as a profit-oriented afterlife industry, might raise for both mourners and the dead in our increasingly digital societies.
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Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
Change history
07 April 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-022-09687-3
Notes
This popular assumption is strongly influenced by the Freudian letting-go approach.
There are works exploring inverse cases, namely of bereaved who claim to have received phone calls from the dead—see classic work by Rogo and Bayless (1979).
This is also true in the everyday use of SNSs. As Currie (2007) points out, the speed of near instantaneity enabled by modern technologies leads us to experience the present as the object of a future memory, as it becomes apparent in today’s tendency to stream our lives through social media (see also Brescó, 2021).
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Acknowledgements
Authors received financial support through a grant on bioethics by the Victor Grífols i Lucas Foundation (Spain). The second author also received financial support through the Culture of Grief Project, funded by the Obel Family Foundation.
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The original version of this article was revised. The corresponding author name has been updated and the ORCID number 0000-0001-8044-7643 should be for the corresponding author, Ignacio Brescó de Luna. The correct ORCID number of Belén Jiménez-Alonso is 0000-0003-1849-7740.
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Jiménez-Alonso, B., Brescó de Luna, I. Griefbots. A New Way of Communicating With The Dead?. Integr. psych. behav. 57, 466–481 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-022-09679-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-022-09679-3