Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Debt to Society: Asset Poverty and Prisoner Reentry

  • Published:
The Review of Black Political Economy

Abstract

Every year, millions of people exit American jails and prisons and attempt to reintegrate into society. Ex-offenders face many obstacles during the transition. Scholars contend that securing employment is central to a successful transition. A job that allows an ex-offender to earn an income above the poverty line is especially significant, recent studies have shown. Consequently, many prisoner reentry initiatives are focused on expanding employment opportunities for ex-offenders. However, the almost exclusive emphasis on employment as the measurement of economic well-being is short-sighted because it ignores the importance of financial education and asset ownership. Prisoner reentry programs should include an emphasis on financial education in addition to an emphasis on employment as a means of reducing recidivism rates and improving the economic well-being of the ex-offenders and receiving communities. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy implications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Avery R, Rendall M. Lifetime inheritances of three generations of whites and blacks. Am J Sociol. 2002;107:1300–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2008). Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007. U.S. Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs.

  • Burke PB. Collaboration for successful prisoner reentry: the role of parole and the courts. Correct Manag Q. 2001;5(3):11–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caner A, Wolff EN. Asset poverty in the United States: its persistence in an expansionary economy. The levy economics institute of bard college. Public Policy Brief. 2004;76:5–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clear TR. Imprisoning communities: how mass incarceration makes disadvantaged neighborhoods worse. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007.

  • Clear TR. The collateral consequences of mass incarceration. Paper presented to the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009. pp. 1–10.

  • Davis CP. Beyond Miami: the ethnic enclave and personal income in various Cuban communities in the United States. Int Migr Rev. 2006;38(2):450–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deller S, Hoyt A, Hueth B, Stukel RS. Research on the economic impact of cooperatives. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009.

  • Denton, NA. Housing as a means of asset accumulation: a good strategy for poor? In: Shapiro TM, Wolff EN, editors. Assets for the poor. New York: Russell Sage; 2001.

  • Dorrell P. Matched-savings programs for relatively low-income individuals: Individual development accounts. 2009. http://www.cfed.org/newsroom/in_the_news/IDA/matched-savings_programs_for_relatively_low-income_individuals_individual_development_accounts/. Retrieved June 7, 2010.

  • Drake C, Cayton H. Black metropolis. Harcourt: Harcourt, Brace and company; 1945.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feagin J, Sikes M. Living with racism. Boston: Beacon; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feagin J, Vera H. White racism. New York: Routledge; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fellner J. Decades of disparity drug arrests and race in the United States. New York: Human Rights Watch; 2009. p. 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gouskova E, Stafford F. Trends in household wealth dynamics, 2005–2007. Panel study of income dynamics. Technical Paper Series; 2009. pp. 1–13.

  • Grannis R. The importance of trivial streets: residential streets and residential segregation. Am J Sociol. 1998;103(6):1530–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holzer H, Raphael S, Stoll M. 2001. Perceived criminality, criminal background checks, and racial hiring practices of employers. Discussion paper no. 1254–02, Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

  • Johnson B. (2008). Not by government nor faith alone: rethinking prisoner reentry. Retrieved June 5, 2010. Retreived from http://aspe.hhs.gov/fbci/comp08/Johnson.pdf.

  • Kaushik SK, Lopez RH. Profitability of credit unions, commercial banks, and savings banks: a comparative analysis. Am Econ. 1996;40(1):66–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keister L. Wealth in America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lattimore PK, Visher CA, Winterfield L. Implementation of prisoner reentry programs: findings from the serious and violent offender reentry initiative multi-site evaluation. Justice Res Policy. 2005;7(2):87–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman R, McKernan S. The effects of holding assets on social and economic outcomes of families: a review of theory and evidence. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2008. http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/07/PoorFinances/Effects/index.shtml. 1–39.

  • Marbley AF, Ferguson R. Responding to prisoner reentry, recidivism, and incarceration of inmates of color: a call to the communities. J Black Stud. 2005;35(5):633–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLean RL, Thompson MD. Repaying debts. Justice Center. The Council of State Governments. Bureau of Justice Assistance. 2007; 1–8.

  • Myers D, Wolch J. The polarization of housing status. In: Farley R, editor. State of the union: America in the 1990s. Volume One: Economic trends. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nembhard JG. When traditional asset building is not enough. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.

  • O’Donnell N. College program for inmates graduates 9. Rockland County Journal News. 2010. http://www.lohud.com/article/20106070330. Retrieved June 7, 2010.

  • Oliver M, Shapiro T. Black wealth/white wealth. New York: Routledge; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersilia J. Prisoner reentry: public safety and reintegration challenges. Prison J. 2001;81(3):360–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts DE. The social and moral costs of mass incarceration in African-American communities. Stanford Law Rev. 2003;56(5):1271–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudovsky, D. A closing keynote: a comment on mass incarceration in the United States. Journal of Constitutional Law. 2008;11(1):207–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seiter RP. Prisoner reentry and the role of parole officers. Fed Probat. 2002;66(3):50–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sykes LL. Income rich, asset poor: a multilevel analysis of racial differences in housing values among baby boomers. Popul Res Policy Rev. 2003;22(1):1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sykes LL. Nonmarried women and asset ownership. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press; 2008a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sykes LL. Income rich, asset poor: race and wealth inequality in America. Lewiston: Kendal Hall Publishers; 2008b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Travis J. But they all come back: Rethinking prisoner reentry. Correct Manag Q. 2001;5(3):23–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Travis J, McBride EC, Solomon AL. 2005. Families left behind: The hidden costs of incarceration and reentry. Urban Institute Justice Policy Center. 1–12.

  • Visher C, LaVigne NG, Travis J. Returning home: understanding the challenges of prisoner reentry. Maryland pilot study: Findings from Baltimore. Urban Institute. 2004. http://www.urban.org/expert.cfm?ID=JeremyTravis&page=2.

  • Waldinger R. The ethnic enclave revisited. 1993. http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/faculty/waldinger/pdf/The_A13.pdf.

  • Willhelm M. The role of intergenerational transfers in spreading asset ownership. In: Shapiro T, Wolff E, editors. Assets for the poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson JA, Royo Maxwell S. Prisoner reentry & recidivism. Criminol Public Policy. 2005;4(3):479–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lori Latrice Martin.

About this article

Cite this article

Martin, L.L. Debt to Society: Asset Poverty and Prisoner Reentry. Rev Black Polit Econ 38, 131–143 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12114-011-9087-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12114-011-9087-1

Keywords

Navigation