Skip to main content
Log in

Sperm competition and female procurement of male resources

As explanations for a sex-specific time course in the sexual motivation of couples

  • Published:
Human Nature Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigates changes in sexual motivation over the duration of a partnership in a population sample stratified by age. The results replicate and extend the findings of a previous study that was based on a sample of college students. In the samples of 30- and 45-year-olds, male sexual motivation remains constant regardless of the duration of the partnership. Female sexual motivation matches male sexual motivation in the first years of the partnership and then steadily decreases. In the sample of 60-year-olds, male sexual motivation always exceeds female sexual motivation, and both are little affected by duration of the partnership. This pattern is clearly evident for some measures of sexual motivation and less so or not at all for others. Interpretations of the current results from social constructivism or from mainstream psychology are difficult to conceive. The results seem more intelligible from an evolutionary perspective as reflections of evolved design for sexual motivation, fine-tuned to the different conditions governing the reproductive success of males and females. In this view male sexual motivation promotes a constant frequency of copulation in order to guard against cuckoldry. Female sexual motivation, in contrast, promotes copulation to solve the adaptive problem of procuring male resources by establishing and maintaining a pair bond.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander, R. D., and K. M. Noonan 1979 Concealment of Ovulation, Parental Care and Human Social Evolution. In Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective, N. A. Chagnon, ed. Pp. 437–453. North Scituate, MA: Sinauer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, R. 1996 Sperm Wars: Infidelity, Conflict and Other Bedroom Battles. London: Fourth Estate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, R. R., and M. A. Bellis 1995 Human Sperm Competition: Copulation, Masturbation and Infidelity. London: Chapman and Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartels, A., and S. Zeki 2000 The Neural Basis of Romantic Love. Neuroreport 11:3829–3834.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkhead, T. 1998 Sperm Competition in Birds: Mechanisms and Functions. In Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection, T. R. Birkhead, and A. P. Møller, eds. Pp. 580–622. San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • 2000 Promiscuity: An Evolutionary History of Sperm Competition and Sexual Conflict. London: Faber and Faber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, H., A. Aron, D. Mashek, L. Haifang, and L. L. Brown 2002 Defining the Brain Systems of Lust, Romantic Attraction, and Attachment. Archives of Sexual Behavior 31:413–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallup, G. G., and R. L. Burch 2004 Semen Displacement as a Sperm Competition Strategy in Humans. Human Nature 2:12–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gangestad, S. W., and R. Thornhill 2005 Women’s Sexual Interests across the Ovulatory Cycle Depend on Primary Partner Developmental Instability. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 272:2023–2027.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gangestad, S. W., R. Thornhill, and C. E. Garver-Apgar 2005 Adaptations to Ovulation. In The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, D. Buss, ed. Pp. 344–371. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomendio, M., A. H. Harcourt, and E. R. S. Roldán 1998 Sperm Competition in Mammals. In Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection, T. R. Birkhead and A. P. Møller, eds. Pp. 667–756. San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosmer, D. W., and S. Lemeshow 1989 Applied Logistic Regression. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hällström, T., and S. Samuelsson 1990 Changes in Women’s Sexual Desire in Middle Life: The Longitudinal Study of Women in Gothenburg. Archives of Sexual Behavior 19:259–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, A. M., J. Wadsworth, K. Wellings, and J. Field 1994 Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles. London: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klusmann, D. 2002 Sexual Motivation and the Duration of Partnership. Archives of Sexual Behavior 31:275–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lauman, E. O., J. H. Gagnon, R. T. Michael, and S. Michaels 1994 The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, C. 2003 Does the Quality of Marital Sex Decline with Duration? Archives of Sexual Behavior 32:55–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, H. D. M., M. Martin, and T. R. Birkhead 1999 No Evidence for Killer Sperm or Other Selective Interactions between Human Spermatozoa in Ejaculates of Different Males In Vitro. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 266:2343–2350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pawlowski, B. 1999 Loss of Oestrus and Concealed Ovulation in Human Evolution. Current Anthropology 40:257–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pound, N. 2002 Male Interest in Visual Cues of Sperm Competition. Evolution and Human Behavior 23:443–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, S., and H. Pashler 2000 How Persuasive Is a Good Fit? A Comment on Theory Testing. Psychological Review 107:358–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, G., S. Matthiesen, and U. Meyerhof 2004 Alter, Beziehungsform und Beziehungsdauer als Faktoren sexueller Aktivität in heterosexuellen Beziehungen: Eine empirische Studie an drei Generationen. Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung 17:116–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, G., S. Starke, S. Matthiesen, A. Dekker, and U. Starke 2003 Beziehungsformen und Beziehungsverläufe im sozialen Wandel: Eine empirische Studie an drei Generationen. Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung 16:1–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shackelford, T. K., G. J. LeBlanc, V. A. Weekes-Shackelford, and A. L. Bleske-Rechek 2002 Psychological Adaptation to Human Sperm Competition. Evolution and Human Behavior 23:123–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shackelford, T. K., A. T. Goetz, F. E. Guta, and D. P. Schmitt 2006 Mate Guarding and Frequent In-Pair Copulation in Humans: Concurrent or Compensatory Anti-cuckoldry Tactics? Human Nature 17:239–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shackelford, T. K., N. Pound, A. T. Goetz, and C. W. LaMunyon 2005 Female Infidelity and Sperm Competition. In Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, D. Buss, ed. Pp. 372–393. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sievert, L. L., and C. A. Dubois 2005 Validating Signals of Ovulation: Do Women Who Think They Know, Really Know? American Journal of Human Biology 17:310–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sillén-Tullberg, B., and A. Møller 1993 The Relationship between Concealed Ovulation and Mating Systems in Anthropoid Primates: A Phylogenetic Analysis. American Naturalist 141:2–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, L. W., R. C. Firman, G. Rhodes, and M. Peters 2004 Human Sperm Competition: Testis Size, Sperm Production and Rates of Extrapair Copulations. Animal Behaviour 68:297–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. L. 1984 Human Sperm Competition. In Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating Systems, R. L. Smith, ed. Pp. 602–659. San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, A. J., D. D. Baird, D. B. Dunson, D. R. McConnaughey, J. S. W. Kesner, and C. R. Weinberg 2004 On the Frequency of Intercourse around Ovulation: Evidence for Biological Influence. Human Reproduction 19:1539–1543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, T. D. 2002 Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, L. J., and Z. Wang 2004 The Neurobiology of Pair Bonding. Nature Neuroscience 7:1048–1054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeifman, D., and C. Hazan 1997 The Bond in Pair Bonds. In Evolutionary Social Psychology, J. A. Simpson and D. T. Kenrick, eds. Pp. 237–264. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dietrich Klusmann.

Additional information

Dr. Dietrich Klusman is a psychologist at the Institute of Medical Psychology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany. His research focus is sexual motivation.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Klusmann, D. Sperm competition and female procurement of male resources. Hum Nat 17, 283–300 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-006-1010-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-006-1010-2

Key words

Navigation