Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Rhabdomyoblastic Differentiation in Head and Neck Malignancies Other Than Rhabdomyosarcoma

  • Review Paper
  • Published:
Head and Neck Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a relatively common soft tissue sarcoma that frequently affects children and adolescents and may involve the head and neck. Rhabdomyosarcoma is defined by skeletal muscle differentiation which can be suggested by routine histology and confirmed by immunohistochemistry for the skeletal muscle-specific markers myogenin or myoD1. At the same time, it must be remembered that when it comes to head and neck malignancies, skeletal muscle differentiation is not limited to rhabdomyosarcoma. A lack of awareness of this phenomenon could lead to misdiagnosis and, subsequently, inappropriate therapeutic interventions. This review focuses on malignant neoplasms of the head and neck other than rhabdomyosarcoma that may exhibit rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, with an emphasis on strategies to resolve the diagnostic dilemmas these tumors may present. Axiomatically, no primary central nervous system tumors will be discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Scrable HJ, Witte DP, Lampkin BC, et al. Chromosomal localization of the human rhabdomyosarcoma locus by mitotic recombination mapping. Nature. 1987;329:645–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bridge JA, Liu J, Qualman SJ, et al. Genomic gains and losses are similar in genetic and histologic subsets of rhabdomyosarcoma, whereas amplification predominates in embryonal with anaplasia and alveolar subtypes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2002;33:310–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Barr FG. Gene fusions involving PAX and FOX family members in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncogene. 2001;20:5736–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Barr FG, Galili N, Holick J, et al. Rearrangement of the PAX3 paired box gene in the paediatric solid tumour alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat Genet. 1993;3:113–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Miettinen M, Fetsch JF, Antonescu CR, et al. Tumors with skeletal muscle differentiation. AFIP atlas of tumor pathology: tumors of the soft tissues. Silver Spring: ARP Press; 2014. p. 289–308.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kohsaka S, Shukla N, Ameur N, et al. A recurrent neomorphic mutation in MYOD1 defines a clinically aggressive subset of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma associated with PI3 K-AKT pathway mutations. Nat Genet. 2014;46:595–600.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Parham DM, Barr FG. Classification of rhabdomyosarcoma and its molecular basis. Adv Anat Pathol. 2013;20:387–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Barr FG. New treatments for rhabdomyosarcoma: the importance of target practice. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:595–7.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Crist W, Gehan EA, Ragab AH, et al. The third intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:610–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hicks J, Flaitz C. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in children. Oral Oncol. 2002;38:450–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Pappo AS, Shapiro DN, Crist WM, et al. Biology and therapy of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:2123–39.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Nayar RC, Prudhomme F, Parise O Jr, et al. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in adults: a study of 26 patients. Laryngoscope. 1993;103:1362–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Feldman BA. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck. Laryngoscope. 1982;92:424–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Wiener ES. Head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Semin Pediatr Surg. 1994;3:203–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Morotti RA, Nicol KK, Parham DM, et al. An immunohistochemical algorithm to facilitate diagnosis and subtyping of rhabdomyosarcoma: the Children’s Oncology Group experience. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30:962–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Walterhouse D, Watson A. Optimal management strategies for rhabdomyosarcoma in children. Paediatr Drugs. 2007;9:391–400.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Antonescu CR, Scheithauer BW, Woodruff JM. Malignant tumors of peripheral nerves. AFIP atlas of tumor pathology: tumors of the peripheral nervous system. Silver Spring: ARP Press; 2013. p. 381–474.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lewis JJ, Brennan MF. Soft tissue sarcomas. Curr Probl Surg. 1996;33:817–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Reid RJ. The neural crest, its migrants, and cutaneous malignant neoplasms related to neurocristic derivatives. In: Lynch HT, Fusaro RM, editors. Cancer associated genodermatoses. New York: Nan Nostrand Reinhold; 1982. p. 171–222.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Weiss SW, Langloss JM, Enzinger FM. Value of S-100 protein in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors with particular reference to benign and malignant Schwann cell tumors. Lab Invest. 1983;49:299–308.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bahrami A, Gown AM, Baird GS, et al. Aberrant expression of epithelial and neuroendocrine markers in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: a potentially serious diagnostic pitfall. Mod Pathol. 2008;21:795–806.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Woodruff JM, Perino G. Non-germ-cell or teratomatous malignant tumors showing additional rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, with emphasis on the malignant Triton tumor. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1994;11:69–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Woodruff JM, Chernik NL, Smith MC, et al. Peripheral nerve tumors with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation (malignant “Triton” tumors). Cancer. 1973;32:426–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Masson P. Recklinghausen’s neurofibromatosis, sensory neuromas and motor neuromas. Contributions to the Medical Sciences in Honor of Dr Emanuel Libman by his Pupils, Friends and Colleagues. New York: International Press; 1932:793–802.

  25. Pytel P, Taxy JB, Krausz T. Divergent differentiation in malignant soft tissue neoplasms: the paradigm of liposarcoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Int J Surg Pathol. 2005;13:19–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Tiffee JC, Barnes EL. Neuromuscular hamartomas of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998;124:212–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Sorensen KB, Godballe C, Krogdahl A. Malignant triton tumor (MTT) of the neck. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2006;33:89–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Bhatt S, Graeme-Cook F, Joseph MP, et al. Malignant triton tumor of the head and neck. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1991;105:738–42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Victoria L, McCulloch TM, Callaghan EJ, et al. Malignant triton tumor of the head and neck: a case report and review of the literature. Head Neck. 1999;21:663–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kamran SC, Howard SA, Shinagare AB, et al. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: prognostic impact of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation (malignant triton tumors), neurofibromatosis 1 status and location. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2013;39:46–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. McConnell YJ, Giacomantonio CA. Malignant triton tumors-complete surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy associated with improved survival. J Surg Oncol. 2012;106:51–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. James JA, Bali NS, Sloan P, et al. Low-grade malignant Triton tumor of the oral cavity: a case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;95:699–704.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Omar T, Raslan H, El Sheikh S, et al. Low-grade malignant triton tumor of the neck: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Pathol. 2014;2014:674094.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Terzic A, Bode B, Gratz KW, et al. Prognostic factors for the malignant triton tumor of the head and neck. Head Neck. 2009;31:679–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Lewis JT, Oliveira AM, Nascimento AG, et al. Low-grade sinonasal sarcoma with neural and myogenic features: a clinicopathologic analysis of 28 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36:517–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Coindre JM, de Mascarel A, Trojani M, et al. Immunohistochemical study of rhabdomyosarcoma. Unexpected staining with S100 protein and cytokeratin. J Pathol. 1988;155:127–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Nappi O, Wick MR. Sarcomatoid neoplasms of the respiratory tract. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1993;10:137–47.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Batsakis JG, Suarez P. Sarcomatoid carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tracts. Adv Anat Pathol. 2000;7:282–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Cardesa A, Zidar N. Spindle cell carcinoma. In: Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, et al., editors. World Health Organization classification of tumours pathology and genetics of head and neck tumors. Lyon: IARC Press; 2005. p. 127–8.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Thompson LD, Wieneke JA, Miettinen M, et al. Spindle cell (sarcomatoid) carcinomas of the larynx: a clinicopathologic study of 187 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:153–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Lane N. Pseudosarcoma (polypoid sarcoma-like masses) associated with squamous-cell carcinoma of the mouth, fauces, and larynx. Cancer. 1957;10:19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Ansari-Lari MA, Hoque MO, Califano J, et al. Immunohistochemical p53 expression patterns in sarcomatoid carcinomas of the upper respiratory tract. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:1024–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Kojc N, Zidar N, Gale N, et al. Transcription factors snail, slug, twist, and SIP1 in spindle cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Virchows Arch. 2009;454:549–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Zidar N, Bostjancic E, Gale N, et al. Down-regulation of microRNAs of the miR-200 family and miR-205, and an altered expression of classic and desmosomal cadherins in spindle cell carcinoma of the head and neck-hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hum Pathol. 2011;42:482–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Zidar N, Gale N, Kojc N, et al. Cadherin–catenin complex and transcription factor Snail-1 in spindle cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Virchows Arch. 2008;453:267–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Zarbo RJ, Crissman JD, Venkat H, et al. Spindle-cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa. An immunohistologic and ultrastructural study of 18 biphasic tumors and comparison with seven monophasic spindle-cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 1986;10:741–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Lewis JE, Olsen KD, Sebo TJ. Spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx: review of 26 cases including DNA content and immunohistochemistry. Hum Pathol. 1997;28:664–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Batsakis JG, Rice DH, Howard DR. The pathology of head and neck tumors: spindle cell lesions (sarcomatoid carcinomas, nodular fasciitis, and fibrosarcoma) of the aerodigestive tracts, Part 14. Head Neck Surg. 1982;4:499–513.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Ellis GL, Corio RL. Spindle cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. A clinicopathologic assessment of fifty-nine cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1980;50:523–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Batsakis JG, Suarez P. Sarcomatoid carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tracts. Adv Anatomic Pathol. 2000;7:282–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Roy S, Purgina B, Seethala RR. Spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx with rhabdomyoblastic heterologous element: a rare form of divergent differentiation. Head Neck Pathol. 2013;7:263–7.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Goldman RL, Weidner N. Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx with cervical nodal metastasis showing rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical study of a unique example of divergent differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17:415–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Srinivasan U, Talvalkar GV. True carcinosarcoma of the larynx: a case report. J Laryngol Otol. 1979;93:1031–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Ferlito A. Surgical pathology of laryngeal neoplasms. London: Chapman & Hall Medical; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Doglioni C, Ferlito A, Chiamenti C, et al. Laryngeal carcinoma showing multidirectional epithelial neuroendocrine and sarcomatous differentiation. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1990;52:316–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Bishop JA, Montgomery EA, Westra WH. Use of p40 and p63 immunohistochemistry and human papillomavirus testing as ancillary tools for the recognition of head and neck sarcomatoid carcinoma and its distinction from benign and malignant mesenchymal processes. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014;38:257–64.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Jo VY, Fletcher CD. p63 immunohistochemical staining is limited in soft tissue tumors. Am J Clin Pathol. 2011;136:762–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Lewis JS, Ritter JH, El-Mofty S. Alternative epithelial markers in sarcomatoid carcinomas of the head and neck, lung, and bladder-p63, MOC-31, and TTF-1. Mod Pathol. 2005;18:1471–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Rosai J, DeLellis RA, Carcangiu ML, et al. Undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid carcinoma. AFIP atlas of tumor pathology: tumors of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Silver Spring: ARP Press; 2014. p. 177–98.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Albores-Saavedra J, Hernandez M, Sanchez-Sosa S, et al. Histologic variants of papillary and follicular carcinomas associated with anaplastic spindle and giant cell carcinomas of the thyroid: an analysis of rhabdoid and thyroglobulin inclusions. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:729–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Carda C, Ferrer J, Vilanova M, et al. Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation: a report of two cases. Virchows Arch. 2005;446:46–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Bishop JA, Sharma R, Westra WH. PAX8 immunostaining of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a reliable means of discerning thyroid origin for undifferentiated tumors of the head and neck. Hum Pathol. 2011;42:1873–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Nonaka D, Tang Y, Chiriboga L, et al. Diagnostic utility of thyroid transcription factors Pax8 and TTF-2 (FoxE1) in thyroid epithelial neoplasms. Mod Pathol. 2008;21:192–200.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Dutta M, Chatterjee I, Roy S, et al. Primary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the anterior neck and thyroid: report of a new case with review of the literature. Laryngoscope. 2013;123:2072–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Furze AD, Lehman DA, Roy S. Rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as an anterior neck mass and possible thyroid malignancy in a seven-month-old. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005;69:267–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Begum S, Rosenbaum E, Henrique R, et al. BRAF mutations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: implications for tumor origin, diagnosis and treatment. Mod Pathol. 2004;17:1359–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Takano T, Ito Y, Hirokawa M, et al. BRAF V600E mutation in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas and their accompanying differentiated carcinomas. Br J Cancer. 2007;96:1549–53.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Ellis GL, Auclair PL. Tumors of the salivary glands. Washington, D.C.: ARP Press; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Ellis GL, Auclair PL. Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. AFIP atlas of tumor pathology: tumors of the salivary glands. Washington, D.C.: ARP Press; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Ellis GL, Auclair PL. Carcinosarcoma. AFIP atlas of tumor pathology: tumors of the salivary glands. Washington, D.C.: ARP Press; 2008. p. 363–8.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Ueo T, Kaku N, Kashima K, et al. Carcinosarcoma of the parotid gland: an unusual case with large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma—Case report. Apmis. 2005;113:456–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Gandour-Edwards RF, Donald PJ, Vogt PJ, et al. Carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed tumor) of the parotid: report of a case with a pure rhabdomyosarcoma component. Head Neck. 1994;16:379–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Tanahashi J, Daa T, Kashima K, et al. Carcinosarcoma ex recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland—Case report. Apmis. 2007;115:789–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Kwon MY, Gu M. True malignant mixed tumor (carcinosarcoma) of parotid gland with unusual mesenchymal component: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;125:812–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Yura S, Terahata S, Ohga N, et al. A case of carcinosarcoma arising in the submandibular gland. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol. 2007;103:820–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Wenig BM, Dulguerov P, Kapadia SB, et al. Neuroectodermal tumours. In: Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, et al., editors. World Health Organization classification of tumours pathology and genetics of head and neck tumors. Lyon: IARC Press; 2005. p. 65–75.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Thompson LD. Olfactory neuroblastoma. Head Neck Pathol. 2009;3:252–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Frierson HF Jr, Ross GW, Mills SE, et al. Olfactory neuroblastoma. Additional immunohistochemical characterization. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990;94:547–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Miller DC, Goodman ML, Pilch BZ, et al. Mixed olfactory neuroblastoma and carcinoma. A report of two cases. Cancer. 1984;54:2019–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Sugita Y, Kusano K, Tokunaga O, et al. Olfactory neuroepithelioma: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Neuropathology. 2006;26:400–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Curtis JL, Rubinstein LJ. Pigmented olfactory neuroblastoma: a new example of melanotic neuroepithelial neoplasm. Cancer. 1982;49:2136–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Miyagami M, Katayama Y, Kinukawa N, et al. An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of olfactory neuroepithelioma with rhabdomyoblasts. Med Electron Microsc. 2002;35:160–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Slootweg PJ, Lubsen H. Rhabdomyoblasts in olfactory neuroblastoma. Histopathology. 1991;19:182–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Dias P, Chen B, Dilday B, et al. Strong immunostaining for myogenin in rhabdomyosarcoma is significantly associated with tumors of the alveolar subclass. Am J Pathol. 2000;156:399–408.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Bockmuhl U, You X, Pacyna-Gengelbach M, et al. CGH pattern of esthesioneuroblastoma and their metastases. Brain Pathol. 2004;14:158–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Heffner DK, Hyams VJ. Teratocarcinosarcoma (malignant teratoma?) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases. Cancer. 1984;53:2140–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Cardesa A, Luna MA. Germ cell tumors. In: Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, et al., editors. Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumours. Lyon: IARC Press; 2005. p. 76–9.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Smith SL, Hessel AC, Luna MA, et al. Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma of the head and neck: a report of 10 patients treated at a single institution and comparison with reported series. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134:592–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Fernandez PL, Cardesa A, Alos L, et al. Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma: an unusual neoplasm. Pathol Res Pract. 1995;191:166–71 discussion 172–163.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Misra P, Husain Q, Svider PF, et al. Management of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma: a systematic review. Am J Otolaryngol. 2014;35:5–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Yang S, Sun R, Liang J, et al. Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma: a clinical and pathological analysis. Int J Surg Pathol. 2013;21:37–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Budrukkar A, Agarwal JP, Kane S, et al. Management and clinical outcome of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma: single institution experience. J Laryngol Otol. 2010;124:739–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Batsakis JG, el-Naggar AK, Luna MA. Teratomas of the head and neck with emphasis on malignancy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1995;104:496–500.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Colton JJ, Batsakis JG, Work WP. Teratomas of the neck in adults. Arch Otolaryngol. 1978;104:271–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Thompson LD, Rosai J, Heffess CS. Primary thyroid teratomas: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases. Cancer. 2000;88:1149–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Vujanic GM, Harach HR, Minic P, et al. Thyroid/cervical teratomas in children: immunohistochemical studies for specific thyroid epithelial cell markers. Pediatr Pathol. 1994;14:369–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Banerjee SS, Eyden B. Divergent differentiation in malignant melanomas: a review. Histopathology. 2008;52:119–29.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Shenjere P, Fisher C, Rajab R, et al. Melanoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation: two further cases of a rare pathologic pitfall. Int J Surg Pathol. 2014;22:512–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Pasz-Walczak G, Jesionek-Kupnicka D, Kubiak R, et al. Rhabdomyosarcomatous (myoblastic?) phenotype of metastatic malignant melanoma. A case report. Pol J Pathol. 2002;53:97–100.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Gharpuray-Pandit D, Coyne J, Eyden B, et al. Rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in malignant melanoma in adults: report of 2 cases. Int J Surg Pathol. 2007;15:20–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Gattenlohner S, Brocker EB, Muller-Hermelink HK. Malignant melanoma with metastatic rhabdomyosarcomatoid transdifferentiation. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:649–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Reilly DJ, Volchek M, Ting JW, et al. Rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in metastatic melanoma: making sense of a rare but complex form of mimicry. Int J Surg Pathol. 2014;22:520–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Govender D, Pillay P. Primary myxoid liposarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998;122:740–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Shanks JH, Banerjee SS, Eyden BP. Focal rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation in primary liposarcoma. J Clin Pathol. 1996;49:770–2.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. McCormick D, Mentzel T, Beham A, et al. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Clinicopathologic analysis of 32 cases suggesting a better prognostic subgroup among pleomorphic sarcomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18:1213–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Longano A, DuGuesclin A, Mitchell C. Primary dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the lung with rhabdomyoblastic and chrondroblastic differentiation. Histopathology. 2014. doi: 10.1111/his.12410.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Okamoto S, Machinami R, Tanizawa T, et al. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in an 8-year-old girl. Pathol Res Pract. 2010;206:191–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Shimada S, Ishizawa T, Ishizawa K, et al. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Virchows Arch. 2005;447:835–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Chan AC, Tsang WY, Chan GP, et al. Dedifferentiated chordoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Pathology. 2007;39:277–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Seethala RR, Sturgis EM, Raymond AK, et al. Postirradiation osteosarcoma of the mandible with heterologous differentiation. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006;130:385–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Adhikari LA, McCalmont TH, Folpe AL. Merkel cell carcinoma with heterologous rhabdomyoblastic differentiation: the role of immunohistochemistry for Merkel cell polyomavirus large T-antigen in confirmation. J Cutan Pathol. 2012;39:47–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Eusebi V, Damiani S, Pasquinelli G, et al. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with skeletal muscle differentiation: report of three cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24:223–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Pettinato G, Manivel JC, d’Amore ES, et al. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. A reexamination of a histogenetic problem based on immunohistochemical, flow cytometric, and ultrastructural study of 10 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15:233–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pathology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, 401 N. Broadway, Weinberg 2249, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA

    Justin A. Bishop & Alfio Ferlito

  2. Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills, CA, USA

    Lester D. R. Thompson

  3. Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Antonio Cardesa

  4. Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Leon Barnes

  5. Departments of Pathology and Immunology and Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

    James S. Lewis Jr.

  6. Pathology Department, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool, UK

    Asterios Triantafyllou

  7. Departamento de Ciências, Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Henrik Hellquist

  8. Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Goran Stenman

  9. Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA

    Jennifer L. Hunt

  10. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Michelle D. Williams

  11. Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Pieter J. Slootweg

  12. Department of Pathology, Allegiance Health, Jackson, MI, USA

    Kenneth O. Devaney

  13. Head and Neck Pathology, CBLPath, Warwick, RI, USA

    Douglas R. Gnepp

  14. Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Bruce M. Wenig

  15. University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy

    Alessandra Rinaldo

Authors
  1. Justin A. Bishop
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lester D. R. Thompson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Antonio Cardesa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Leon Barnes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. James S. Lewis Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Asterios Triantafyllou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Henrik Hellquist
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Goran Stenman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jennifer L. Hunt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Michelle D. Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Pieter J. Slootweg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Kenneth O. Devaney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Douglas R. Gnepp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Bruce M. Wenig
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Alessandra Rinaldo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. Alfio Ferlito
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Justin A. Bishop.

Additional information

This paper was written by members of the International Head Neck Scientific Group (www.IHNSG.com).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bishop, J.A., Thompson, L.D.R., Cardesa, A. et al. Rhabdomyoblastic Differentiation in Head and Neck Malignancies Other Than Rhabdomyosarcoma. Head and Neck Pathol 9, 507–518 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-015-0624-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-015-0624-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation