Abstract
Phage study draws more attention recently as the bacterial antibiotic resistances become a major threat for global health. Bacteriophage T4 is one of the most studied the phages and the representative of Tevenvirinae subfamily. Since 1950s, T4 phage has been studied more intensively than any other large lytic phages and its biological studies have provided basis for current phage biology as well as other applications. However, among approximately 300 T4 genes, 130 of them still remain uncharacterized. Coded by y04L gene in pin-nrdC intergenic region, Y04L is an example of such proteins whose biological function and mechanism are yet to be addressed. While Pin blocks bacterial Lon protease and thus inhibits bacterial toxin–antitoxin system, NrdC or Glutaredoxin is a specific reducing agent for the phage-induced ribonucleotide reductase. With two interesting neighbouring genes, this 11.9 kDa protein may be functionally related to Pin or NrdC. Here, using solution-state NMR, our near-complete resonance assignment of Y04L provides a basis for future structure determination and further mechanism study.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Comeau AM, Bertrand C, Letarov A, Tétart F, Krisch HM (2007) Modular architecture of the T4 phage superfamily: a conserved core genome and a plastic periphery. Virology 362:384–396
Delaglio F, Grzesiek S, Vuister GW, Zhu G, Pfeifer J, Bax AJJobN (1995) NMRPipe: a multidimensional spectral processing system based on UNIX pipes. J Biomol NMR 6:277–293
Dupuis M-È, Villion M, Magadán AH, Moineau S (2013) CRISPR-Cas and restriction-modification systems are compatible and increase phage resistance. Nat Commun 4:2087
Ebrahimizadeh W, Rajabibazl M (2014) Bacteriophage vehicles for phage display: biology, mechanism, and application. Curr Microbiol 69:109–120
Gamkrelidze M, Dabrowska K (2014) T4 bacteriophage as a phage display platform. Arch Microbiol 196:473–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-014-0989-8
Goldfarb T et al (2015) BREX is a novel phage resistance system widespread in microbial genomes. EMBO J 34:169–183
Hadas H, Einav M, Fishov I, Zaritsky A (1997) Bacteriophage T4 development depends on the physiology of its host Escherichia coli. Microbiology 143:179–185
Johnson BA, Blevins RA (1994) NMR View: a computer program for the visualization and analysis of NMR data. J Biomol NMR 4:603–614
Kutter E, Bryan D, Ray G, Brewster E, Blasdel B, Guttman B (2018) From host to phage metabolism: hot tales of phage T4's takeover of E. coli viruses. 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10070387
Lin DM, Koskella B, Lin HC (2017) Phage therapy: an alternative to antibiotics in the age of multi-drug resistance. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 8:162–173. https://doi.org/10.4292/wjgpt.v8.i3.162
Miller ES, Kutter E, Mosig G, Arisaka F, Kunisawa T, Ruger W (2003) Bacteriophage T4 genome. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 67:86–156. https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.67.1.86-156.2003
Nikkola M, Gleason FK, Eklund H (1993) Reduction of mutant phage T4 glutaredoxins by Escherichia coli thioredoxin reductase. J Biol Chem 268:3845–3849
Onodera K (2009) Molecular biology and biotechnology of bacteriophage. In: Nano/micro biotechnology. Springer, Berlin, pp 17–43
Shen Y, Delaglio F, Cornilescu G, Bax A (2009) TALOS+: a hybrid method for predicting protein backbone torsion angles from NMR chemical shifts. J Biomol NMR 44:213–223
Sorek R, Kunin V, Hugenholtz P (2008) CRISPR—a widespread system that provides acquired resistance against phages in bacteria and archaea. Nat Rev Microbiol 6:181
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, K., Wang, Z., Chang, G. et al. Resonance assignments of bacteriophage T4 Y04L protein. Biomol NMR Assign 14, 51–54 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12104-019-09919-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12104-019-09919-5