Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Support for Current Sex Offender Management Policies: A National Survey of the Perceptions of Professionals

  • Published:
American Journal of Criminal Justice Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Utilizing a sample gathered from two professional organizations, this study compared the perceptions held by criminal justice professionals and clinical specialists toward current sex offender management policies. In addition to controlling for demographic variables, consideration was given to the roles of belief in the cause of sex offending and punishment philosophy, both largely absent from the literature on sex offender policy perceptions, as influencing factors of policy support. Results indicate low levels of support for current policies across professional groups, however, criminal justice professionals are significantly more likely to support current policies than clinical specialists. Furthermore, belief that sex offending is caused by a lack of virtue, holding a traditional punishment philosophy, and being a parent were associated with increased support for current policies. The implications of these findings for the management of sex offenders are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Applegate, B. T., Cullen, F. T., & Fisher, B. S. (1997). Public support for correctional treatment: The continuing appeal of the rehabilitative ideal. The Prison Journal, 77(3), 237–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, J. C. (2011). Place a moratorium on the passage of sex offender residence restriction laws. Criminology & Public Policy, 10(2), 401–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, V. S., & Travis, L. F. (2004). Sex offender notification and fear of victimization. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(5), 455–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S., Deakin, J., & Spencer, J. (2008). What people think about the management of sex offenders in the community. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 47(3), 259–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caputo, A. A., & Brodsky, S. L. (2004). Citizen coping with community notification of released sex offenders. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 22(2), 239–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comartin, E. B., Kernsmith, P. D., & Kernsmith (2009). Sanctions for sex offenders: Fear and public policy. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 48(7), 605–619.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 10(7), 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullen, F. T., Latessa, E. J., Burton Jr., V. S., & Lombardo, L. X. (1993). The correctional orientation of prison wardens: Is the rehabilitative ideal supported? Criminology, 31(1), 69–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cullen, F. T., Fisher, B. S., & Applegate, B. K. (2000). Public opinion about punishment and corrections. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 27, 1–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duwe, G., & Goldman, R. (2009). The impact of prison-based treatment on sex offender recidivism: Evidence from Minnesota. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 21, 279–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, W., & Hensley, C. (2001). Contextualizing sex offender management legislation and policy: Evaluating the problem of latent consequences in community notification laws. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 45(1), 83–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farkas, M. A., & Stichman, A. (2002). Sex offender laws: Can treatment, punishment, incapacitation, and public safety be reconciled? Criminal Justice Review, 27(2), 256–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuselier, D. A., Durham, R. L., & Wurtele, S. K. (2002). The child sexual abuser: Perceptions of college students and professionals. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14(3), 271–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, J. S, & Hern, A. (2007). Sex offender residence restrictions: Unintended consequences and community re-entry. Justice Research and Policy, 9(2), 59–73.

  • Kernsmith, P. D., Comartin, E., Craun, S. W., & Kernsmith, R. M. (2009a). The relationship between sex offender registry utilization and awareness. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 21(2), 181–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kernsmith, P. D., Craun, S. W., & Foster, J. (2009b). Public attitudes toward sexual offenders and sex offender registration. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 18(3), 290–301.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • La Fond, J. Q., & Winick, B. J. (2004). Sex offender reentry courts: A proposal for managing the risk of returning sex offenders to the community. Seton Hall Law Review, 34(4), 1173–1212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Letourneau, E. J., Levenson, J. S., Bandyopadhyay, D., Sinha, D., & Armstrong, K. H. (2010). Effects of South Carolina’s sex offender registration and notification policy on adult recidivism. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 21(4), 435–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, J. S., & Cotter, L. P. (2005a). The effect of Megan’s Law on sex offender reintegration. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice., 21(1), 49–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, J. S., & Cotter, L. P. (2005b). The impact of sex offender residence restrictions: 1,000 feet from danger or one step from absurd? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 49(2), 168–178.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, J. S., & D'Amora, D. A. (2007). Social policies designed to prevent sexual violence: The emperor’s new clothes? Criminal Justice Policy Review, 18(2), 168–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, J. S., & Tewksbury, R. (2009). Collateral damage: Family members of registered sex offenders. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 34(1), 54–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, J. S., Brannon, Y. N., Fortney, T., & Baker, J. (2007). Public perceptions about sex offenders and community protection policies. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 7(1), 137–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, J. S., Macgowan, M. J., Morin, J. W., & Cotter, L. P. (2009). Perceptions of sex offenders about treatment: Satisfaction and engagement in group therapy. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 21(1), 35–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, J. S., Prescott, D. S., & D’Amora, D. A. (2009). Sex offender treatment: Consumer satisfaction and engagement in therapy. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 54(3), 307–326.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, J. S., Fortney, T., & Baker, J. N. (2010). Views of sexual abuse professionals about sex offender notification policies. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 54(2), 150–168.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, J. S., Prescott, D. S., & Jumper, S. (2014). A consumer satisfaction survey of civilly committed sex offenders in Illinois. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 58(4), 474–495.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lieb, R., Quinsey, V., & Berlinger, L. (1998). Sexual predators and social policy. Crime and Justice, 23(1), 43–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maguire, M., & Singer, J. K. (2011). A false sense of security: Moral panic driven sex offender legislation. Critical Criminology, 19(4), 301–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malesky, A., & Keim, J. (2001). Mental health professionals’ perspective on sex offender registry web sites. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13(1), 53–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mancini, C., Shields, R. T., Mears, D. P., & Beaver, K. M. (2010). Sex offender residence restriction laws: Parental perceptions and public policy. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(5), 1022–1030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mancini, C., Barnes, J. C., & Mears, D. P. (2013). It varies from state to state: An examination of sex crime laws nationally. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 24(2), 166–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meloy, M. L., Saleh, Y., & Wolff, N. (2007). Sex offender laws in America: Can panic-driven legislation ever create safer societies? Criminal Justice Studies, 20(4), 423–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meloy, M., Curtis, K., & Boatwright, J. (2013a). Policy-makers’ perceptions on their sex offender laws: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Criminal Justice Studies, 26(3), 273–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meloy, M., Curtis, K., & Boatwright, J. (2013b). The sponsors of sex offender bills speak up: Policy makers’ perceptions of sex offenders, sex crimes, and sex offender legislation. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 40(4), 438–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mustaine, E. E., & Tewksbury, R. (2013). What can be learned from an online sex offender registry site? An eight-year follow-up. Journal of Community Corrections, 23(1), 5–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mustaine, E.E., Tewksbury, R., Connor, D. P, & Payne, B.K. (2015). Criminal justice officials’ views of sex offenders, sex offender registration, community notification, and residence restrictions. Justice System Journal, 35(1), 63–85.

  • National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (2008). Registered sex offenders in the United States. Retrieved 11/12/13, from http://www.khq.com/story/9492924/ncmec-map-of-registered-sex-offenders?ClientType=Printable&redirected=true.

  • National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (2013). Registered sex offenders in the United States. Retrieved 11/12/13, from http://www.missingkids.com/en_US/documents/Sex_Offenders_Map.pdf.

  • Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed., ). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, M., Wong, S., & Nicholaichuk, T. P. (2008). Outcome evaluation of a high-intensity inpatient sex offender treatment program. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 522–536.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, B. K., & DeMichele, M. T. (2010). Electronic supervision for sex offenders: Implications for work load, supervision goals, versatility, and policymaking. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38, 276–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, B. K., Tewksbury, R., & Mustaine, E. E. (2010). Attitudes about rehabilitating sex offenders: Demographic, victimization, and community-level influences. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 580–588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickett, J. T., Mancini, C., & Mears, D. P. (2013). Vulnerable victims, monstrous offenders, and unmanageable rick: Explaining public opinion on the social control of sex crime. Criminology, 51(3), 729–759.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prescott, J. J., & Rockoff, J. E. (2011). Do sex offender registration and notification laws affect criminal behavior? Journal of Law and Economics, 54(1), 161–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn, J. F., Forsyth, C. J., & Mullen-Quinn, C. (2010). Societal reaction to sex offenders: A review of the origins and results of the myths surrounding their crimes and treatment amenability. Deviant Behavior, 25(3), 215–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raubenheimer, J. (2004). An item selection procedure to maximize scale reliability and validity. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 30(4), 59–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sample, L. L., & Kadleck, C. (2008). Sex offender laws: Legislators’ accounts of the need for policy. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 19(1), 40–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiavone, S. K., & Jeglic, E. L. (2009). Public perception of sex offender social policies and the impact on offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 53(6), 679–695.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach’s alpha. Psychometrika, 74(1), 107–120.

    Article  MathSciNet  PubMed  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, D. (2009). Sex offender as homo sacer. Punishment & Society, 11(2), 219–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, M. C., Smith, A. C., Sekely, A., & Farnum, K. S. (2013). Predictors of support for juvenile sex offender registration: Educated individuals recognize the flaws of juvenile registration. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 22(2), 231–254.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, E. H. (1950). The sexual psychopath laws. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 40(5), 543–554.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewksbury, R. (2005). Collateral consequences of sex offender registration. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(1), 67–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tewksbury, R., & Mustaine, E. E. (2009). Stress and collateral consequences for registered sex offenders. Journal of Public Management and Social Policy, 15(2), 215–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewksbury, R., & Mustaine, E. E. (2012). Parole board members’ views of sex offender registration and community notification. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 37(3), 396–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tewksbury, R., & Mustaine, E. E. (2013). Law-enforcement officials’ views of sex offender registration and community notification. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 15(2), 95–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tewksbury, R., Mustaine, E. E., & Payne, B. K. (2011). Community corrections professionals’ view of sex offenders, sex offender registration and community notification and residency restrictions. Federal Probation, 75(3), 45–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewksbury, R., Jennings, W. G., & Zgoba, K. M. (2012). A longitudinal examination of sex offender recidivism prior to and following implementation of SORN. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 30(3), 308–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfer, L. (2007). Real research: Conducting and evaluating research in the social sciences. New York: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, D. & Taxman, F.S. (2004). Instrument development on treatment practices and rehabilitation philosophy (CJ-DATS Coordinating Center working paper). College Park, MD.

  • Zgoba, K. M. (2004). Spin doctors and moral crusaders: The moral panic behind child safety legislation. Criminal Justice Studies, 17(4), 385–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Corey Call.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Call, C., Gordon, J.A. Support for Current Sex Offender Management Policies: A National Survey of the Perceptions of Professionals. Am J Crim Just 41, 834–851 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-016-9337-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-016-9337-7

Keywords

Navigation