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Retinopathy of Prematurity and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity: A Case-Control Study

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Indian Journal of Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

To determine whether red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity is associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods

This case-control study was conducted in a Level-3 neonatal unit. Subjects were inborn boys with birth weight <2000 g. “Cases” were consecutive subjects with ROP of any severity. “Controls” were consecutive unrelated subjects without ROP. Recipients of blood or exchange transfusions were excluded. Sixty cases (out of 98 screened) and 60 controls (out of 93 screened) were enrolled. G6PD activity (quantitative assay) as the candidate risk factor was evaluated.

Results

Sixty cases with 60 controls [mean (SD) gestation 28.80 (2.2) and 30.60 (2.2) wk respectively] were compared. “Cases” had a higher median (1st, 3rd quartile) G6PD activity compared to “controls” [7.39 (4.7, 11.5) vs. 6.28 (4.2, 8.8) U/g Hb, p = 0.084]. G6PD activity was highest among ROP requiring treatment [8.68 (4.7, 12.3)] followed by ROP not requiring treatment [6.91 (4.4, 11.0)], followed by controls (plinear trend = 0.06). Gestation, birth weight, duration of oxygen, breastmilk feeding, and clinical sepsis were other variables associated with ROP on univariable analysis. On multivariable logistic regression, G6PD activity [Adjusted OR 1.14 (1.03, 1.25), p = 0.01] and gestation [Adjusted OR 0.74 (0.56, 0.97), p = 0.03] independently predicted ROP. C-statistic of the model was 0.76 (95% CI 0.67, 0.85).

Conclusions

Higher G6PD activity was independently associated with ROP after adjusting for confounders. Each 1 U/g Hb increase in G6PD increased the odds of ROP by 14%. Severer forms of ROP were associated with higher levels of G6PD activity.

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Funding

Partially unded by Chandigarh Department of Science and Technology (S&T&RE/RP/147(18–19)/sanc/10/2018/1498-1505 dated 26-10-18. The funding agency did not play any role in the design of the study, analysis, and writing the manuscript

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neonatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Rajarajan Paulpandian, Sourabh Dutta & Praveen Kumar

  2. Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

    Reena Das

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

    Deeksha Katoch

Authors
  1. Rajarajan Paulpandian
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  2. Sourabh Dutta
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  3. Reena Das
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  4. Deeksha Katoch
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  5. Praveen Kumar
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Contributions

RP made substantial contributions to the design of the work, acquisition, and analysis of data; drafted the work and revised it critically for important intellectual content; approved the final version to be published and agrees to be accountable for all aspects of the work. SD, PK made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the work, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; drafted the work and revised it critically for important intellectual content; approved the final version to be published and agrees to be accountable for all aspects of the work. RD, DK made substantial contributions to the design of the work, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; drafted the work and revised it critically for important intellectual content; approved the final version to be published and agrees to be accountable for all aspects of the work. SD will act as guarantor for this manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sourabh Dutta.

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Ethics Approval

The Institute Ethics Committee approved the study protocol (Approval no: IEC/2018/001859 on 21/11/2018).

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Paulpandian, R., Dutta, S., Das, R. et al. Retinopathy of Prematurity and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity: A Case-Control Study. Indian J Pediatr 90, 1089–1095 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-023-04604-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-023-04604-x

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